老年痴呆患者异常进食行为特征及潜在需求分析

发布时间：2018-05-15 08:31

  本文选题：老年性痴呆 + 异常进食行为　； 参考：《中华护理杂志》2017年11期

【摘要】：目的调查老年痴呆患者的异常进食行为特征,探究其所表达的潜在需求。方法以痴呆需求代偿行为模式为理论依据,采用老年痴呆进食行为清单,观察并记录120例老年痴呆患者的进食行为,筛选异常进食行为;选取12名照护者进行一对一半结构式访谈,选取5名照护者参加焦点团体访谈,采用内容分析法分析资料。结果 57例(47.5%)老年痴呆患者出现异常进食行为;异常进食行为出现频率第1位的条目是口头拒绝进食陈述说"不吃""不饿""已经饱了"(64.9%),第2位的条目是吐出食物(63.2%),并列第3位的条目是进餐前或进餐时出现不耐烦的行为(38.6%)、进餐时注意力不集中(38.6%)、拒绝协助进餐(38.6%)、拒绝张嘴(38.6%)。提取异常进食行为的4个潜在需求主题为:渴望亲情、渴望陪伴、渴望尊严、渴望安全感。结论老年痴呆患者异常进食行为发生较为普遍,其反映了老年痴呆患者的潜在需求,应对照护者进行培训,识别老年痴呆患者异常进食行为及其反映的潜在需求,并尽量满足潜在需求,提高老年痴呆患者的照护质量,减轻照护者负担。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the characteristics of abnormal eating behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and explore the potential needs expressed. Methods based on the demand compensation behavior model of dementia, the eating behavior of 120 patients with Alzheimer's disease was observed and recorded, and abnormal eating behavior was screened by the list of eating behaviors of Alzheimer's disease. Twelve caregivers were selected for a pair of half-structured interviews and five caregivers were selected to participate in focus group interviews. The data were analyzed by content analysis method. Results 57 patients with Alzheimer's disease had abnormal eating behavior. The first item in the frequency of abnormal eating behavior is the oral refusal to eat the statement that "not eating" and "not hungry" are already full, the second item is to spit out the food and the third item is the intolerable before or during the meal. When you eat, your attention is not focused on 38.6, and you refuse to help with your meal, and you refuse to open your mouth and keep your mouth open. The four potential demand topics for abnormal eating behavior were: longing for affection, companionship, dignity, and security. Conclusion abnormal eating behavior in senile dementia patients is common, which reflects the potential demand of senile dementia patients. It should be trained by caregivers to identify abnormal eating behavior and its potential needs of senile dementia patients. And to meet the potential needs, improve the care quality of dementia patients, reduce the burden of caregivers.
【作者单位】： 福建医科大学省立临床医学院福建省立医院护理部;
【基金】：福建省医学创新课题资助项目(2015-CX-3) 国家自然科学基金(81571379)
【分类号】：R473.74
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本文编号：1891732