弋矶山医院急诊病人的流行病学研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 13:39

【摘要】：目的:了解和掌握急诊病人的流行病学特征,探讨皖南医学院弋矶山医院急危重症病人疾病谱的特点,为急诊医学科的发展和科学管理提供可靠依据,最终目的为更有效地救治急诊病人和处置突发性事件,更好地服务患者。方法:收集皖南医学院附属弋矶山医院的急诊科2011年1月至2015年12月急诊就诊的病人病史资料,如患者性别、年龄、就诊时间和急诊危重症病人的疾病谱构成等,将数据录入Excel软件进行统计分析,并采用回顾性分析方法对其流行病学特征进行调查和研究。列出相关的图表,总结其中的规律和相关特征。结果:(1)弋矶山医院的急诊病人数在逐年的增加,急危重症病人数变化的趋势不大。(2)急诊病人多为青年组(14-39岁)与中年组(40-59岁)的病人,急危重症病人则多为老年组(60-79岁)病人。(3)急诊病人与急危重症病人均为男性病人多于女性病人。(4)急诊病人与急危重症病人就诊高峰期及低峰期的时间分布大致相同,就诊的季节分布均为夏季病人数最多,冬季就诊的急诊病人人数最少。(5)急危重症病人疾病谱的排列次序为创伤类疾病、循环系统疾病、神经系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、中毒类疾病和其它。(6)创伤类疾病多为多发伤,多发伤病人占到创伤类病人总数的59.14%。中毒类疾病前三位依次为酒精中毒、药物中毒、农药中毒。其中酒精中毒占到39.07%,药物中毒占到33.46%,农药中毒占到21.24%。农药中毒类疾病多为百草枯中毒,占农药中毒病人总数的74.26%。(7)急诊死亡病例男性多于女性,男女比例为1.39:1。5年间急诊死亡病例数未有太大的波动。结论:本研究结果揭示了皖南医学院弋矶山医院急诊科2011年1月—2015年12月就诊的急诊病人人数、年龄、性别及就诊时间分布的规律,该研究与相关学者的报道结果略有不同,但总体结果相似。急诊危重症病人的疾病谱特点受地域的影响相对较大,大样本的数据分析工作任务较重,但有一定的代表性,能够直观的反映出皖南地区急诊病人的流行病学特点。其流行病学的研究结果亦可为急诊危重症病人的抢救、急诊科室医护人员的合理配备、教育研究和公共卫生政策的制定提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Objective: to understand and master the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients, and to explore the characteristics of disease spectrum of critical and critical patients in Jiji Mountain Hospital of Southern Anhui Medical College, so as to provide a reliable basis for the development and scientific management of emergency medical departments. The final aim is to treat emergency patients more effectively and deal with sudden events, and to better serve patients. Methods: the data of history of emergency patients in the emergency department of the affiliated Yaji Mountain Hospital of Southern Anhui Medical College from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected, such as gender, age, time of visit and the composition of the spectrum of the patients in emergency and critical cases. The data were recorded into Excel software for statistical analysis, and the epidemiological characteristics were investigated and studied by retrospective analysis method. List the relevant charts and summarize the laws and characteristics. Results: (1) the number of emergency patients increased year by year, and the number of patients in critical and severe cases changed little. (2) the emergency patients were mostly young patients (14-39 years old) and middle-aged patients (40-59 years old). (3) both emergency patients and critical patients were male patients more than female patients. (4) the time distribution of peak and low peak periods of emergency patients and critical patients were approximately the same. The seasonal distribution was the highest in summer and the least in emergency patients in winter. (5) the order of disease spectrum of critical and severe patients was trauma disease, circulatory system disease, nervous system disease and respiratory system disease. Digestive system diseases, toxic diseases and other. (6) traumatic diseases are mostly multiple injuries, the patients with multiple injuries accounted for 59.14% of the total trauma patients. The first three diseases were alcoholism, drug poisoning and pesticide poisoning. Alcohol poisoning accounted for 39. 07%, drug poisoning 33. 46%, pesticide poisoning 21. 24%. Most of the pesticide poisoning diseases were paraquat poisoning, which accounted for 74.26% of the total number of pesticide poisoning patients. (7) the number of deaths in emergency cases was more in males than females, and the ratio of male to female was 1.39: 1.5. The number of deaths in emergency cases did not fluctuate significantly. Conclusion: the results of this study reveal the regularity of the number, age, sex and time distribution of emergency patients in the emergency department of Yaji Mountain Hospital of Southern Anhui Medical College from January 2011 to December 2015. The results of this study are slightly different from those reported by relevant scholars. But the overall results are similar. The characteristics of emergency critical patients' disease spectrum are relatively influenced by the region, the task of large sample data analysis is heavy, but it is representative, which can directly reflect the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients in the south of Anhui province. The results of epidemiological study can also provide reference for the rescue of emergency critical patients, the rational allocation of medical and nursing staff in the emergency department, the educational research and the formulation of public health policy.
【学位授予单位】：皖南医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R459.7

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