延边地区养老机构老年人自我效能感和自尊对生活质量的影响

发布时间：2019-03-15 13:53

【摘要】：目的:了解养老机构老年人的一般状况、自我效能感、自尊以及生活质量现状;分析自我效能感、自尊、生活质量在一般人口学特征上的差异;明确养老机构老年人自我效能感、自尊与生活质量的相关性;探讨养老机构老年人的自我效能感和自尊对生活质量的影响。方法:本研究为非实验性研究,采用便利抽样法,选取延边地区养老机构老年人为研究对象。共发放202份,收集有效问卷200份,有效回收率为99%。主要研究工具包括一般资料调查问卷、自我效能感量表、自尊量表、生活质量量表。所有数据利用spss19.0统计软件进行整理分析。应用百分率、均数、标准差等描述养老机构老年人的一般人口学特征、自我效能感、自尊及生活质量现状;应用t检验、ANOVA检验、事后检验比较养老机构老年人自我效能感、自尊和生活质量在人口学特征上的差异;应用Pearson相关分析养老机构老年人自我效能感、自尊与生活质量的相关性;应用多元逐步回归分析一般人口学资料、自我效能感、自尊对老年人生活质量的影响。结果:(1)研究对象的自我效能感总量表平均得分为2.68±0.58,延边地区养老机构老年人的自我效能感处于中等水平。不同文化程度、职业、慢性病、生活来源、生活自理程度、日常消遣方式的养老机构老年人的自我效能感存在的差异有统计学意义(p0.05),文化程度高、从事教师职业、没有慢性病、生活来源以退休金为主、能够生活自理、以锻炼为主要日常消遣方式的养老机构老年人自我效能感指数相对较高。(2)研究对象的自尊总量表平均得分为2.68±0.58分,不同文化程度、生活来源、生活自理程度、获取健康知识途径的养老机构老年人自尊存在的差异有统计学意义(p0.05),高中或中专、生活来源以退休金为主、生活能够自理、以媒体获取健康知识为主要途径的养老机构老年人自尊状况指数较高。(3)研究对象的生活质量总得分为66.28±19.77分,小于72分,延边地区养老机构的老年人的生活质量处于偏低的水平。单因素分析结果显示,不同文化程度、生活来源、生活自理程度、获取健康知识途径的养老机构老年人自尊存在的差异有统计学意义(00.05),文化程度高、从事教师职业、没有慢性病、生活来源以退休金为主、自愿入住、能够生活自理的养老机构老年人生活质量状况指数较高。(4)Pearson相关性分析显示,自我效能感与生活质量呈显著性差异(p≤0.01),生活质量的得分随着自我效能感得分的增加而增加;自尊与生活质量呈显著性差异(p≤0.01),生活质量得分随着自尊的得分增加而增加。自我效能感得分与自尊得分呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.422。自我效能感得分与生活质量得分呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.606,自尊得分与生活质量得分呈显著正相关,其相关系数为0.271。(5)多元逐步回归分析结果显示,生活质量的影响因素有生活能否自理、有无慢性病、生活来源、自我效能,有明显的统计学意义(p0.01)。按照影响程度大小排序依次为自我效能(β=0.485)、有无慢性病(β=-0.177)、生活能否自理(β=0.167)、生活来源(β=0.159)。结论:(1)延边地区养老机构老年人的自我效能感处于中等水平,其中文化程度高、从事过教师职业、没有慢性病、生活来源以退休金为主、生活能够自理、以锻炼为主要日常消遣方式的养老机构老年人自我效能感得分较高,自我效能感水平较好。(2)延边地区养老机构老年人自尊水平偏低,其中文化程度为高中或中专、生活来源以退休金为主、生活能够自理、以媒体获取健康知识为主要途径的养老机构老年人自尊得分较高,自尊水平较好。(3)延边地区养老机构老年人生活质量较差,其中文化程度高、从事过教师职业、没有慢性病、生活来源以退休金为主、自愿入住、生活能够自理的养老机构老年人生活质量得分较高,生活质量较好。(4)延边地区养老机构老年人自我效能感、自尊和生活质量状况呈显著正相关。(5)养老机构老年人生活质量的主要影响因素有生活能否自理、有无慢性病、生活来源、自我效能,总解释率为44.8%。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the general situation, self-efficacy, self-esteem and quality of life of the elderly in the elderly, and to analyze the difference of self-efficacy, self-esteem and quality of life on the general demographic characteristics. The relationship between self-esteem and quality of life is discussed, and the effect of self-efficacy and self-esteem on quality of life is discussed. Methods: The study was a non-experimental study, and the elderly in Yanbian area were selected as the study object by means of a convenient sampling method. In total,202 effective questionnaires were collected and the effective recovery rate was 99%. The main research tools include general data questionnaire, self-efficacy scale, self-esteem scale and quality of life scale. All the data were compiled and analyzed using the spss19.0 statistical software. The general demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, self-esteem and quality of life of the elderly are described by the percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc. The self-efficacy of the old-age institutions is compared by t-test, ANOVA, and post-test. The relationship between self-efficacy, self-efficacy and self-esteem on the quality of life of the elderly was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: (1) The self-efficacy of the study object was divided into 2.68 and 0.58, and the self-efficacy of the elderly in Yanbian area was at a moderate level. There is a significant difference in the self-efficacy of the elderly in the old-age institutions with different cultural degree, occupation, chronic disease, life source, self-care level and daily pastime. The self-efficacy index of the old-age institutions is relatively high, which is mainly based on the pension, can live by self-care and exercise as the main daily pastime. (2) The average self-esteem of the study object is divided into 2.68-0.58 points, different cultural degree, living source, self-care level, and the difference of the self-esteem of the old-age institutions with the access to health knowledge is of statistical significance (p0.05), high school or technical secondary school, The life source is based on the pension, and the life can be self-care. The self-esteem index of the old-age-care institutions with the media access to the health knowledge as the main way is higher. (3) The quality of life of the study object is divided into 66.28-19.77 points, less than 72 points, and the living quality of the elderly in Yanbian area is at a low level. The results of the single factor analysis show that the difference of the self-esteem of the aged institutions with different culture, the source of life, the degree of self-care and the access to the health knowledge is of statistical significance (00.05), the degree of culture is high, the profession of the teacher is engaged, and there is no chronic disease. The living source is based on the pension, and the living quality index of the elderly in the old-age institution which can be self-care can be higher. (4) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the self-efficacy was significantly different from the quality of life (p <0.01), and the score of life quality increased with the increase of the self-efficacy score; the self-esteem and the quality of life were significantly different (p <0.01). The quality score of life is increased with the increase of the score of self-esteem. The self-efficacy score was positively correlated with the self-esteem score and the correlation coefficient was 0.422. The self-efficacy score was positively correlated with the life quality score, the correlation coefficient was 0.606, and the self-esteem score was positively correlated with the life quality score, and the correlation coefficient was 0.271. (5) The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis show that the factors influencing the quality of life are the self-care, the existence of chronic diseases, the source of life and the self-efficacy, and the significant statistical significance (p0.01). The order of the degree of influence was self-efficacy (P = 0.485), the presence of chronic disease (P =-0.177), the self-care of life (P = 0.167), and the source of life (P = 0.159). Conclusion: (1) The self-efficacy of the elderly in Yanbian area is at a middle level, among which, the degree of culture is high, it is the profession of the teacher, no chronic disease, the source of life is the main pension, the life can be self-care, The self-efficacy and self-efficacy of the old-age-care institutions, which take exercise as the main day-to-day pastime, have a higher self-efficacy and better self-efficacy. (2) The level of self-esteem of the elderly in Yanbian area is low, among which, the degree of culture is high school or technical secondary school, and the source of life is the main part of the pension, and the life can be self-care. The self-esteem score of the old-age institution with the main way of obtaining the health knowledge by the media is higher and the self-esteem level is better. (3) The quality of life of the old-aged institutions in Yanbian area is poor, among which, the degree of culture is high, it has been engaged in the profession of the teacher, and there is no chronic disease. The source of life is the main part of the pension. The living quality of the old-age-care institutions with self-care and self-care can be higher and the quality of life is better. (4) The self-efficacy, self-esteem and quality of life of the elderly in Yanbian area are positively correlated. (5) The main influencing factors of the quality of life of the elderly in the old-age institutions are the ability to self-care, the existence of chronic diseases, the source of life and the self-efficacy, and the total interpretation rate is 44.8%.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R473.2

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