民族聚居区在线观看_汉民族人口降到60时_land cover ecological landscape ethnoec

  本文关键词：民族聚居区生态景观，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

澜沧江流域民族聚居区生态景观及生态文化的作用初探

The Role of Ecological Culture in Retaining Ecological Landscape Characteristics Along the Lancang River

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

XU Zengrang, CHENG Shengkui, ZOU Xiuping, LU Chunxia, GAO Liwei （1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101; [2]中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,北京100190

文章摘要：澜沧江流域民族众多，民族生态文化绚烂多姿，同时生态脆弱，研究其生态景观与生态文化的关系对于科学认识人地关系、充分发挥民族生态文化的作用具有重要意义。本研究在澜沧江流域选取藏、傈僳、白和傣等4个少数民族聚居区，，利用民族分布和2000年1：10万土地利用数据，从景观多样性、景观优势度、景观破碎性等方面分析不同民族生态景观特征；利用1980—2005年1：25万土地覆被数据，分析各民族生态景观动态变化，并就生态文化对生态景观的作用做了初步探讨。结果表明：①澜沧江流域不同民族的生态景观具有明显差异。上游的藏族以草地景观为主、草地放牧业为主要生计方式。中游的傈僳族林地优势度大，农林牧兼营、以山地旱作农业为主。而下游的白族和傣族以农田景观为主，水田稻作发达；②澜沧江流域的民族生态文化通过其特定的生态观、生产生活方式、乡土生态保护机制等对生态保护产生了重要作用；③近几十年来，除产业发展、城镇化对生态景观产生了明显压力外，民族传统文化日渐淡薄也在一定程度上削弱了其对生态景观的保护作用。今后，要将民族生态文化的传承创新置于关乎民族聚居区可持续发展的高度予以扶持。

Abstr：To integrate traditional ecological knowledge of ethnic minorities into the natural reserve system, we analyzed the ecological landscape characters of the Tibetan, Lisu, Bai and Dai ethnic groups using land use data and group distribution. The ecological landscape characteristics included landscape type, landscape structure, landscape diversity, landscape dominance, landscape fragment, patch scale and fractal dimension. For the Tibetan group located in the upper reaches of the Lancang River, grassland is the dominant landscape, cropland accounts for 0.6% of total land, and the main economic activity is seasonal grazing. For Lisu people, located in the middle reaches of the Lancang River, grassland is also the landscape matrix, farmland accounts for 8.2% of total land, and crops, forestry and husbandry are developed evenly. For the Bai and Dai groups, located in the lower Lancang River, agriculture is developed and cropland accounts for 13%-15% of total land; paddy fields comprise 3%-5% of their land. There is an important role that the eco-cultures play in retain the eco-landscape via the specific ethnic ecological consciousness, livelihood and local traditional ecological knowledgement. In the last decades, the ecosystem degradation was accompanied with the depression of the ethnic eco-culture in some degree. The ethnic eco-culture development should be prioritized to push the ecological sustainable development in the ethnic area in Lancang River in future.

文章关键词：

Keyword：:land cover ecological landscape ethnoecology ethnic minorities Lancang River Basin

课题项目：科技部基础性工作专项：“澜沧江中下游与大香格里拉地区综合科学考察”（编号：2008FY110300）;中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）：“现代高原地表圈层相互作用”（编号：XDB03030000）;中国科学院重点项目：“周边国家及全球资源环境科学数据库建设与决策支持研究”（编号：KZZD-EW-08）.

  本文关键词：民族聚居区生态景观，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。