缅甸克伦族分离运动研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 05:41

本文关键词：缅甸克伦族分离运动研究　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：缅甸独立之初,缅共、克伦民族联盟率先掀起与政府的权力大战,从此,缅甸陷入长达60多年的内战。本文试图通过梳理缅甸克伦民族分离运动产生、发展及转向的历程,揭示克伦民族联盟对缅甸少数民族分离运动的主导作用,以及国际因素对克伦族分离运动兴衰的影响。第一章论述了克伦民族分离运动的历史根源。缅族王朝时期,缅族统治者对缅甸主要的民族孟族、掸族和克伦族实行差异性政策,使克伦族和缅族日渐疏离。第二章剖析了英殖民时期克伦民族分离运动的萌芽。缅族王朝时期,受尽压迫的克伦族渴望摆脱缅族统治,在英国军队入侵缅甸时全力相助,并参与镇压缅甸各族的反英起义,逐渐走上与缅族分离的道路。第三章通过日据时期英国、日本、缅甸独立军和克伦族反叛武装四种力量之间的博弈解析缅克冲突的深化。缅甸独立军在日军怂恿下对伊洛瓦底三角洲、萨尔温江地区的克伦族进行报复,为建国初期克伦族分离运动的兴起埋下伏笔。第四章叙述了缅甸独立之初,克伦民族联盟助推内战的爆发。1945年英国重占缅甸,克伦族与缅族的历史积怨在英殖民时期的深化和日据时期的激化,使他们对重回缅族统治怀有深刻的恐惧,决意建立英联邦内独立的克伦国,由于英国的忽视、缅甸政府的轻视和克伦反政府组织的坚持最终引发大规模内战。第五章阐述了 1949年克伦民族联盟与缅甸政府武力对抗失利之后的分裂重组。战争失败后,克伦民族联盟进行了两次重大政治改革。第一次是受缅共影响成立克伦民族联合党,积极与各反政府武装结成反政府联盟。第二次是克伦民族联盟原总司令波妙解散克伦民族联合党,实施克伦民族联盟的去马列主义化,实行亲西方路线,充当泰国政府的边境反共武装部队,得到泰国政府的暗中支持。这段时期内克伦民族联盟内部发生了两次重大分裂,第一次是以苏汉特达美为首的高都丽革命委员会投向奈温政府的怀抱。第二次是波妙与克伦民族联合党左派曼巴赞进行分裂斗争,最终波妙夺取领导权。这一时期,属于其与政府对抗历程中的高潮时期。第六章论述了克伦民族分离运动的转向。20世纪60年代末期政府军发起"四切"运动,使克伦民族联盟失去基地、资金、情报和士兵来源。处于颓势的克伦民族联盟又面临四分五裂的局面,于是决定将与政府暴力对抗转变为积极寻求与政府进行政治和谈。克伦民族联盟内部的非武装成员通过各种途径,利用国家赋予的政治空间保护本民族的历史传统文化,最大限度地争取本民族的利益,创建自治空间,力促克伦民族联盟与政府进行政治和谈,双方最终于2012年签订了停火协议。2015年10月,包括克伦民族联盟的8支民族武装与政府签订全国停火协议。第七章分析了克伦民族分离运动的特征、影响和缅甸的未来发展。克伦民族分离运动不同时期的诉求存在差异,其诉求的变化与缅甸社会发展和克伦民族自身的实力息息相关。60多年以来,克伦民族联盟一直充当少数民族分离运动的主导力量,克伦民族分离运动在国际因素的影响下起起落落。克伦民族分离运动为主的长期内战对缅甸社会局势造成负面影响。21世纪彬龙会议给缅甸民族和解与发展带来希望。但新一代政府领导人只有努力克服1947年彬龙协议之弊端,凝聚各民族精英的智慧和力量,方能顺利推进缅甸和平进程,早日实现民族和解的美好愿望。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the independence of Burma, Burma, Karen National Union initiated with the power of the government of Burma into the war, since then, more than 60 years of civil war. This paper attempts to comb through the Burma Karen national separatist movement, development and steering process, revealing the Karen National Union on the leading role of Burma ethnic separatist movement, and the influence of international factors the Karen separation of rise and decline. The first chapter discusses the historical roots of the Karen national separatist movement. The Burmese Dynasty, the Burmese rulers of Burma's main ethnic Mon, Shan and Karen the difference of policy, the Karen and Burmese increasingly alienated. The second chapter analyzes the British colonial period Karen the separation movement bud. The Burmese Dynasty, the oppression of the Karen people eager to get rid of the Burmese regime, in the British army invaded Burma to help out, and participate in the anti repression of all ethnic groups in Burma The British uprising, and gradually embarked on the Burmese separation road. The third chapter through the period of Japanese occupation of Britain, Japan, deepen the game analysis Mianke conflict between Burma Independence Army and Karen rebels of the four forces. Burma Independence Army of the Irrawaddy Delta at the instigation, Thrall in Wenjiang Karen revenge for the initial rise, the separation of Karen foreshadowed. The fourth chapter describes the Burma independence, the Karen National Union to boost the outbreak of the civil war.1945 British recapture Burma, Karen and Burmese historical grievances in the British colonial period and the deepening of the Japanese occupation period intensified, so that they have a profound fear to return to the Burmese regime, determined to build the Commonwealth of Independent States Karen, because the British government ignored Burma's contempt and Karen rebels to eventually lead to a large-scale civil war. The fifth chapter expounds the 19 After the Karen National Union for 49 years with the Burma government to force against the defeat of the war. After the failure of mitotic recombination, the Karen National Union of two major political reform. The first is by the Burma effect of the establishment of the Karen National Union Party, formed a positive anti government alliance and each rebels. The second is a former commander in chief of the Karen National Union the dissolution of the Karen National Union party great wave, the implementation to Marxism Leninism KNU, pro western route, as the government of Thailand border anti Communist armed forces, implicitly backed by the Thailand government. There were two major split within this period the Karen National Union, the first is to sue the United States led Chinese thatta high deckout Revolutionary Committee on the arms of government Ne Win. The second is a wonderful wave and the Karen National Union party left like split Mamba struggle, the final wave of wonderful to win hegemony during this period, Belong to the climax period of confrontation with the government in the process. The sixth chapter discusses the Karen National separation movement to.20 century at the end of the 60s government forces launched the "four" movement, the KNU lost base, capital, and information sources. The soldiers in the decline of the Karen National Union and faced a split situation, and then decided to the government to actively seek violence against political peace talks with the government. Within the Karen National Union of non armed members through a variety of ways, the political space given by the state to protect the nation's traditional literary history, strive to maximize the national interests, to create autonomous space, urged the Karen National Union for political talks with the government, the two sides finally in 2012 signed a cease-fire agreement with.2015 in October, including the Karen National Union of 8 ethnic armed ceasefire with the government signed the seventh meeting. The chapter analyzes the characteristics of the Karen national separatist movement, affecting the future development of Burma and the Karen national aspirations. Separation movement in different periods are different, since the change of demand and the social development of Burma and the Karen national strength is closely related to its.60 for many years, the Karen National Union has been a dominant force in ethnic separatist movement, the Karen National separation the movement in the ups and downs of international factors. The long civil war Karen national separatist movement mainly cause negative effect to the.21 century Panglong Conference for national reconciliation in Burma and the development of social situation in Burma to bring hope. But a new generation of leaders only to overcome the 1947 Panglong agreement the drawbacks of all ethnic elite wisdom and strength. In order to successfully promote the peace process in Burma, wish an early realization of national reconciliation.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C95

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