凉山彝族信仰的表达与嬗变——对毕摩仪式的经验研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 14:07

本文关键词：凉山彝族信仰的表达与嬗变——对毕摩仪式的经验研究　出处：《四川大学》2003年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 凉山彝族的传统宗教与仪式，因被称为“迷信”而被政府和学界所忽略，但其对彝人的生活却有着重要影响，并在彝族经济社会的发展进程中扮演着重要角色。彝族宗教的核心是毕摩仪式，因此，对毕摩仪式与象征的研究，有助于我们解读凉山彝族的精神气质，也有助于探讨彝族传统社会的现代化变迁。本文通过对一个典型宗教仪式的研究，分析了凉山彝族信仰的表达方式，并结合定量调查，对仪式活动的城乡差异进行了比较。毕摩仪式可以分为通过仪式、岁时仪式和危机仪式。本文经验研究的对象——西欧布仪式——既是岁时仪式又是危机仪式，具有二者的特征；同时也符合广义的通过仪式的定义。西欧布是凉山彝族宗教生活中最重要的仪式之一。西欧布的仪式过程主要包括分离阶段和阈限阶段。它具有阈限期的主要象征特性：神圣的仪式时空，世俗身份与规则的丧失，以及毕摩在仪式中的绝对权威。仪式具有彼此交织却又相互分离的要素，包括“圣事的传递”、奇怪的拼凑组合游戏等。仪式要素构成了“文化的表演”，对于仪式参加者尤其是后代有良好的宗教社会化功能。由于西欧布属于岁时仪式，其阈限特性有别于一般的通过仪式。在城乡之间，西欧布仪式从过程到内容都发生了变化，其信众也发生了分化。这种变化是复杂的，既有仪式过程的缩减、神圣性的降低、教育功能的减弱，又有仪式内容的发展丰富。从西欧布仪式的嬗变过程中，我们发现，随着社会变迁和现代教育的引入，凉山彝族的仪式类型呈现出从次要仪式向主要仪式，从岁时仪式向危机仪式的转变，同时伴有宗教理性化发展的倾向。
[Abstract]:The traditional religion and ceremony of Liangshan Yi, regarded as "superstition" by the government and academia have ignored, but the change of life has had a significant impact, and plays an important role in the development of the society and economy. The core of Yi Yi religion is Bimo ritual, therefore, the research on Bi friction ceremony and symbol, helps us to interpret Liangshan Yi spirit, also help to discuss the modernization of traditional Yi society.
Based on the research of a typical religious ritual, this paper analyzes the way of expression of the belief of the Yi people in Liangshan, and compares the rural-urban differences of ritual activities with the quantitative investigation.
Bimo ritual can be divided into the ceremony, ritual and ceremony. At the age of crisis this empirical research object -- Western Europe - both when cloth ritual ceremony is the crisis of the two ceremony features; also with generalized by ritual definition. Western cloth is one of the most important ritual in the religious life of Yi nationality in Liangshan.
The ritual process of xioubu consists of separation stage and threshold stage. It has the main characteristics of the symbol limit: the sacred ceremony time, loss of identity and secular rule, and the absolute authority of Bimo in the ceremony. The ceremony has elements of each other and separated from each other, including the "sacramental transmission", strange the combination of game elements. The ceremony of "cultural performance", especially for the offspring of a religious ceremony participants social function is good. Because the cloth at the age of Western Europe belongs to the ceremony, the threshold characteristic is different from the general through the ceremony.
Between urban and rural areas, Western Europe from the process to the ceremony cloth content is changed, the congregation has also undergone a differentiation. This change is complex, both reduce the ritual process, reduce the sanctity, weakening of education function, and the development of ritual content rich. From the evolution of Western Europe in the cloth ceremony. We found that, with the introduction of social changes and the modern education, Liangshan Yi ceremony type showing from the minor to the main ceremony ceremony, at the age of transition from ritual to crisis rites, accompanied by religious tendency of rational development.

【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：C955

【引证文献】