关于琉球群岛人类起源的研究综述

发布时间：2018-01-13 16:10

本文关键词：关于琉球群岛人类起源的研究综述　出处：《地理科学》2014年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：琉球群岛何时开始出现人类?琉球人来自哪里?琉球民族是一个独立的民族还是大和民族的一个分支?这些关于琉球民族本质的问题目前学术上尚存争论。运用文献分析法和综合分析法,对考古学、文化人类学和群体遗传学的研究成果进行系统整理和分析评价。在此基础上,对琉球群岛人类种群的起源、迁移以及琉球人与东亚地区其他民族之间的亲缘关系进行讨论。考古学研究发现,在旧石器时代琉球群岛已有人类活动的痕迹。群体遗传学关于人类线粒体DNA与Y染色体解析以及基因组比较研究证明,起源于非洲的古人类,大约在新生代第四纪更新世晚期迁移至东南亚地区,之后逐渐扩散至日本列岛和琉球群岛成为现代日本人和琉球人的祖先。琉球人与日本人的亲缘关系密切,都保留着阿伊努人的生物学遗传特征。考古学发现和文化人类学对于文化相近性的分析显示,冲绳诸岛以北的北琉球文化与日本的绳文文化亲缘关系密切,先岛诸岛的南琉球文化与南岛系文化更为接近。此外,14世纪以后在琉球王国与东亚各国的贸易交流过程中,来自中国大陆、朝鲜半岛和东南亚地区的一些文化要素也渗透到传统的琉球文化之中。
[Abstract]:When did the Ryukyu Islands begin to appear? Where did the Ryukyu people come from? Is the Ryukyu nationality an independent nation or a branch of the Daiwa nationality? These questions about the essence of Ryukyu nationality are still debated in the academic field at present. Using the literature analysis method and the comprehensive analysis method, the archaeology is discussed. The research results of cultural anthropology and population genetics were systematically analyzed and evaluated. On this basis, the origin of human population in Ryukyu Islands was analyzed. Migration and the relationship between Ryukyu and other peoples in East Asia were discussed. Archaeological findings. There were traces of human activity in the Ryukyu Islands in the Paleolithic Age. The analysis of human mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes in population genetics and the comparative study of their genomes have proved that they originated from ancient humans in Africa. About the late Cenozoic Quaternary Pleistocene migrated to Southeast Asia, then gradually spread to the Japanese archipelago and Ryukyu Islands become the ancestors of modern Japanese and Ryukyu people. Archaeological discovery and cultural anthropology analysis of cultural similarity show that the north Ryukyu culture north of Okinawa Island is closely related to the Japanese culture. The South Ryukyu culture of the archipelago is closer to the South Island culture. In addition, after the 14th century, in the course of the trade exchange between the Kingdom of Ryukyu and the countries of East Asia, it came from the mainland of China. Some cultural elements of Korean Peninsula and Southeast Asia also permeate the traditional Ryukyu culture.
【作者单位】：东北师范大学地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41171135)资助
【分类号】：C912.4
【正文快照】： 琉球人是指生活在琉球群岛的原住民族。琉球群岛何时开始出现人类?琉球人来自哪里?琉球民族是一个独立的民族还是大和民族的一个分支?这些关于琉球民族本质的问题目前学术上尚存争论。绝大多数日本学者认为琉球人与日本人同源,琉球民族是大和民族的一个分支,一部分琉球人对此

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