回鹘与丝路文明

发布时间：2018-03-29 09:49

本文选题：回鹘　切入点：丝绸之路　出处：《西北民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：回鹘是历史上活跃于中国北方的古代少数民族,也是今天维吾尔族和裕固族的共同祖先。其最早在蒙古高原一带,属文化比较落后的游牧民族;"安史之乱"的爆发,促使了"回鹘路"的开通,而回鹘因此发展壮大,如其可借助"回鹘路"源源不断地吸收来自唐朝以及中亚、西亚的文化。可以说,该路不仅维系着唐与西域的联系,还为回鹘文明的发展提供了契机,如粟特文明、唐朝文明都是通过这条道路而传播于回鹘的。840年,回鹘汗国被黠戛斯击败,部落外迁,一支向南逃入唐朝境内,无果而终。另外三支西迁,一支投河西走廊,一支西迁新疆,还有一支到了中亚楚河流域一带。河西走廊与新疆地处丝路咽喉,因此迁入二地的回鹘部众自然也与丝绸之路发生了密不可分的关系。回鹘西迁之前,河西西域即已形成了一条比较成熟的产、供、销体系,这一传统为西迁后的回鹘所承袭。回鹘在商贸方面发扬光大了旧有的贸易体系,与周边民族的贸易往来更是广泛、密切,如中原王朝、女真、契丹,西夏、西藏乃至远方的波斯、大秦、印度,都有商业联系;在文化上,回鹘则借由丝绸之路而在更大规模上承载着东西方文化交流的历史重任。回鹘一方面融合吸纳中原汉文化,同时还学习吐蕃、印度文化,以及西方的波斯、希腊文化;足见其海纳百川之气势,学贯中西之格局。正因此,后来的西夏、蒙古纷纷在建国之初启用回鹘人服务于当朝。回鹘人自宋代起直至元代,还一直扮演着向西北各民族介绍汉文化的角色;比如历史上由少数民族统治的时期,契丹、女真、党项、蒙古等能够顺利接纳汉文化,都离不开回鹘人的衔接作用。足见回鹘文化的发展得益于丝绸之路上辉煌的古代文明,而回鹘又给丝绸之路文明的发展贡献良多。
[Abstract]:The Uighur is an ancient minority active in the north of China, and a common ancestor of the Uygur and Yugur ethnic groups today. The Uighur was the earliest nomadic people with relatively backward culture along the Mongolian plateau; the outbreak of the "Anshi Rebellion." This led to the opening of the "Uighur Road", and the Uighur became stronger and stronger. For example, the Uighur Road continued to absorb cultures from the Tang Dynasty and Central and Western Asia. It can be said that this road not only maintains the ties between the Tang Dynasty and the Western regions, It also provided an opportunity for the development of the Uyghur civilization, such as the Sogut civilization, through which the civilization of the Tang Dynasty spread to the Uighur. In 840, the Uyghur khanate was defeated by Cleghtas, the tribes moved out of the country, and a branch fled south into the territory of the Tang Dynasty. The other three branches moved to the west, one to Hexi Corridor, one to Xinjiang, and one to Central Asia's Chu River Basin. The Hexi Corridor and Xinjiang are located in the throat of the Silk Road. Therefore, the Uighur who moved into the two places naturally had a close relationship with the Silk Road. Before the Uighur moved westward, a relatively mature production, supply and marketing system had been formed in the western region of Hexi. This tradition was inherited by the Uighur who moved to the west. The Uighur carried forward the old trading system in trade and commerce, and its trade contacts with the surrounding nationalities were even more extensive and close, such as the Central Plains Dynasty, Nu Zhen, Qidan, and Xixia. Tibet and even far-off Persia, Daqin and India have commercial ties. Culturally, the Uighurs, on the one hand, absorb the Han culture of the Central Plains by taking advantage of the Silk Road to carry the historical burden of cultural exchanges between the East and the West on a larger scale. At the same time, he also studied the Tibetan, Indian and Western Persian and Greek cultures. It was evident that the Chinese and Western cultures had a strong influence on the sea and the sea, and that was why, later in the Western Xia Dynasty, At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of Mongolia, the Uighurs served Dang Dynasty. From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the Uighurs also played the role of introducing the Han culture to all ethnic groups in the northwest. For example, during the period of history dominated by ethnic minorities, Qidan and Nu Zhen, The development of Uighur culture benefited from the brilliant ancient civilization on the Silk Road, and the Uighur contributed a lot to the development of the Silk Road civilization.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K28

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