持续性族际接触、文化认同与“文化涵化”的范例——以土族语借词研究为个案

发布时间：2018-08-20 15:22

【摘要】：一般而言,因族群之间持续性接触而导致一方或双方的语言使用发生了变化,这种情况往往被归于"文化涵化"的范畴。族群之间因语言接触而导致某一族群的语言发生变化的案例很多。语言变化一般出现两种情形:因语言内部规律所引起的演变;因语言接触发生的变化。一般而言,族群持续性接触与语言接触过程中强势民族的文化对处于弱势的民族文化势必会产生较多影响,包括语言影响、语言兼用或语言转用等。民族语言和民族历史不是各自孤立地存在,而是紧密相关。由于土族没有自己的文字,所以相关的史料记载也很少。但是,土族语却完整地得到了保存,土语的三大方言区互助、民和和同仁等的土语虽有差异,但是大同小异,其中土语与蒙古语、东乡语、保安语、东部裕固语、达斡尔语等族语言有较多同源词,土族语中也有较多的藏语和汉语的借词。为此,研究土族语,对于识别他们的语言亲属关系和探讨其族源有着不可替代的作用。
[Abstract]:In general, the language use of one or both parties has changed as a result of continuous contact between ethnic groups, which is often classified as "culturalization". There are many cases in which language contact between ethnic groups leads to language changes in a particular ethnic group. There are two kinds of linguistic changes: the evolution caused by the internal rules of language and the change of language contact. Generally speaking, in the process of continuous contact and language contact of ethnic groups, the culture of strong ethnic groups is bound to have more influence on the national culture which is in a weak position, including the influence of language, the use of both languages or the conversion of language, and so on. National language and history are not isolated, but closely related. Because the Tu did not have their own writing, so the relevant historical records are also very few. However, the Turkish language has been completely preserved. Although there are differences in the three major dialect areas of the native language, the native languages of the people and their colleagues are different, but they are much the same. Among them, the native language is different from that of the Mongolian, the Dongxiang language, the Baoan language, and the eastern Yugu language. Daur language and other ethnic languages have more homologues, the Turkish language also has more Tibetan and Chinese loanwords. Therefore, the study of Turkish language plays an irreplaceable role in identifying their linguistic kinship and exploring their origin.
【作者单位】：中央民族大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目,编号:12BMZ041 2014年度国家软科学研究计划项目,编号:2014GXS4B056 教育部民族教育发展中心“荣达教育资助基金”2013年度项目,编号:RDZG13010的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.4

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