中国宗族主义与日本集团主义的比较研究
发布时间：2018-12-19 15:38
【摘要】：在西方各国际性大都市中，凡有“唐人街”，均可见林立的“宗亲会”；而邻近常有的日本街和朝鲜街，多的却是各类“商会”。同一“文化圈”，差别之大，一望可知。中国的宗族主义和日本的集团主义都起源于农耕文化，然而时代变迁，为何使得两种文化分道扬镳？ 宗族主义既不是中国独有的，集团主义也不是日本所独有的。早在上个世界，英国作家亨利梅因、法国作家古朗士、苏联作家阿甫基耶夫等的著作里就已提及到贵族宗族和平民宗族。自19世纪下半叶发展起来的现代文化人类学和社会人类学，又通过研究者的亲身体验，详尽地记录并比较了遍布于世界各地的大部分民族的社会制度，进一步证明了这些民族都曾在一定的历史时期或至今仍存在着某种程度的宗族形式。宗族虽然是普遍存在的，但任何地区、任何国家、任何民族不曾经历过像中国这样的宗族制度。其他地方的人们不会像中国人那样把私生活和自己的宗族制度紧密地联系在一起。时代的变迁使得世界各古老民族大都把自己历史上有过的宗族放到博物馆里去了，唯独中国人和日本人，这些宗族（集团）意识仍根深蒂固的融入在他们的血液里。 东西方文化中，其中较大的差异便是东方国家较为重视集体主义，而西方国家更为重视个人主义。同处东方的中国与日本，自古以来便有着集体主义的历史传承，，但因在不同民族、不同文化传统的影响下，也使得两个国家集团主义存在较大差异。从中日的集体主义发展的进程来看，两国都以“家族主义”或者说是集团主义为伦理标准。中国的集团主义也就是今天常提到的宗族主义，中日两国在社会传统家庭有着诸多的相似之处，但是在家族成员的资格认同上却存在着一定的差异：中国人更强调“血筋”，即血缘关系的共同性；而日本人则更侧重于“地缘”，即共同生活的“场”。其次，日本集团内部通常以“忠孝恭顺”为教义，要求集团成员绝对服从、执行集团的所有决议。不希望集团成员存有异议。采取“划一制度”的原则。很少采用“多数表决”的方式。中国宗族主义在古代虽然也是忠孝、服从，但是主要还是强调“孝”和“仁爱”，现代中国社会集团里主要采取“少数服从多数的表决制度”。随着时代的发展，中日在集团归属上也存在着较大差异。现代社会中，日本人更具有集团的归属意识。中国则恰恰相反，更注重个人的发展。
[Abstract]:In every international metropolis in the West, "Chinatown" can be found in numerous "clergy", while in the vicinity of Japan Street and Korean Street, most of them are "chambers of commerce." The same "cultural circle", the big difference, see. Chinese clansmen and Japanese collectivists both originated from farming culture. However, why did the two cultures diverge from each other in the changing times? Patriarchalism is neither unique to China nor is it unique to Japan. As early as in the last world, the British writer Henry Moine, the French writer Gulangs, the Soviet writer Avkeyev and so on the work already mentioned the aristocratic clan and the common clan. Modern cultural anthropology and social anthropology, developed since the second half of the 19th century, and through the personal experience of researchers, have documented and compared in detail the social systems of most peoples throughout the world, It is further proved that these ethnic groups existed in a certain historical period or still exist some degree of clan form. Although clansmen are widespread, no region, no country, no nation has ever experienced a clan system like China. Elsewhere, people do not associate their private lives with their clans as closely as the Chinese do. The changes of the times have made most of the world's ancient peoples put their historical clansmen in museums, except for the Chinese and the Japanese, whose sense of clan (group) is still deeply ingrained in their blood. In the eastern and western cultures, the greater difference is that the Eastern countries attach more importance to collectivism, while the Western countries attach more importance to individualism. China and Japan, which are in the same east, have the historical heritage of collectivism since ancient times, but under the influence of different nationalities and different cultural traditions, the two countries also have great differences in collectivism. From the perspective of the development of collectivism in China and Japan, both countries regard "familism" or "collectivism" as the ethical standard. China's collectivism, which is often referred to today, is patriarchal. China and Japan share many similarities in the traditional social family, but there are certain differences in the qualification of family members: the Chinese emphasize more on "blood and blood." That is, the concomitant of blood relationship; The Japanese, on the other hand, put more emphasis on the "geography", the "field" of living together. Secondly, the doctrine of "loyalty, filial piety and obedience" is usually adopted within the Japanese group, requiring its members to obey and implement all its resolutions. Members of the group are not expected to disagree. Adopt the principle of "uniform system". A majority vote is rarely used. Although Chinese patriarchalism in ancient times was loyal and filial piety, but mainly emphasized "filial piety" and "benevolence", the modern Chinese social group mainly adopted the "minority clothing from majority voting system". With the development of the times, there are great differences in group ownership between China and Japan. In modern society, the Japanese have the sense of belonging to the group. China, on the contrary, pays more attention to personal development.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.4
本文编号：2387118
[Abstract]:In every international metropolis in the West, "Chinatown" can be found in numerous "clergy", while in the vicinity of Japan Street and Korean Street, most of them are "chambers of commerce." The same "cultural circle", the big difference, see. Chinese clansmen and Japanese collectivists both originated from farming culture. However, why did the two cultures diverge from each other in the changing times? Patriarchalism is neither unique to China nor is it unique to Japan. As early as in the last world, the British writer Henry Moine, the French writer Gulangs, the Soviet writer Avkeyev and so on the work already mentioned the aristocratic clan and the common clan. Modern cultural anthropology and social anthropology, developed since the second half of the 19th century, and through the personal experience of researchers, have documented and compared in detail the social systems of most peoples throughout the world, It is further proved that these ethnic groups existed in a certain historical period or still exist some degree of clan form. Although clansmen are widespread, no region, no country, no nation has ever experienced a clan system like China. Elsewhere, people do not associate their private lives with their clans as closely as the Chinese do. The changes of the times have made most of the world's ancient peoples put their historical clansmen in museums, except for the Chinese and the Japanese, whose sense of clan (group) is still deeply ingrained in their blood. In the eastern and western cultures, the greater difference is that the Eastern countries attach more importance to collectivism, while the Western countries attach more importance to individualism. China and Japan, which are in the same east, have the historical heritage of collectivism since ancient times, but under the influence of different nationalities and different cultural traditions, the two countries also have great differences in collectivism. From the perspective of the development of collectivism in China and Japan, both countries regard "familism" or "collectivism" as the ethical standard. China's collectivism, which is often referred to today, is patriarchal. China and Japan share many similarities in the traditional social family, but there are certain differences in the qualification of family members: the Chinese emphasize more on "blood and blood." That is, the concomitant of blood relationship; The Japanese, on the other hand, put more emphasis on the "geography", the "field" of living together. Secondly, the doctrine of "loyalty, filial piety and obedience" is usually adopted within the Japanese group, requiring its members to obey and implement all its resolutions. Members of the group are not expected to disagree. Adopt the principle of "uniform system". A majority vote is rarely used. Although Chinese patriarchalism in ancient times was loyal and filial piety, but mainly emphasized "filial piety" and "benevolence", the modern Chinese social group mainly adopted the "minority clothing from majority voting system". With the development of the times, there are great differences in group ownership between China and Japan. In modern society, the Japanese have the sense of belonging to the group. China, on the contrary, pays more attention to personal development.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 常建华;明代宗族祠庙祭祖礼制及其演变[J];南开学报;2001年03期
2 科大卫,刘志伟;宗族与地方社会的国家认同——明清华南地区宗族发展的意识形态基础[J];历史研究;2000年03期
本文编号：2387118
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