回归学术主体性:东南民族研究的三个省思

发布时间：2019-03-31 12:55

【摘要】：中国东南地区各民族尤其是少数民族,具有一些与西南、西北、北方各地少数民族所不同的历史文化特征。学者们在研究这些历史文化特征的时候,往往存在三个值得省思的问题。一是文化的边缘心态,即预设东南地区民族及其文化的形成与发展,基本上是从北方中原传续过来的,从而对东南地区民族历史及其文化的研究产生许多偏颇甚至不切实际的负面作用。二是历史与现实的偏离。历史文献及"历史的集体记忆"和原本的历史发展轨迹常常存在着较大的距离。我们在研究中国东南地区民族史的时候,假如过于执著于历史文献的记述和所谓的"历史的集体记忆",恐怕都将不知不觉地被引入比较偏颇的学术困境。三是民族学的政治性导向。如果过分强调不同民族的自我表现及其特殊性,势必给整个国家与民族带来许多不稳定的因素。政治性导向的正确路线,是应该发扬中国传统中的民族大融合的趋向,而不是刻意强调甚至制造不同民族的自我意识。
[Abstract]:Ethnic groups in southeastern China, especially ethnic minorities, have some historical and cultural characteristics different from those in southwest, northwest and north China. In the study of these historical and cultural characteristics, scholars often have three problems worth thinking about. First, the marginal mentality of culture, that is, to presuppose the formation and development of ethnic groups and their culture in the southeast, basically inherited from the Central Plains in the north. As a result, the study of ethnic history and culture in southeast China has a lot of biased and even impractical negative effects. The second is the deviation between history and reality. There is often a large distance between the historical literature and the historical collective memory and the original track of historical development. When we study the ethnic history of southeastern China, if we cling too much to the account of historical documents and so-called "collective memory of history", we will be introduced into the more biased academic dilemma unwittingly. Third, the political orientation of ethnology. If we overemphasize the self-expression and particularity of different nationalities, it will bring a lot of unstable factors to the whole country and nation. The correct line of political orientation is to carry forward the trend of great national integration in Chinese tradition, rather than to emphasize or even create the self-consciousness of different nationalities.
【作者单位】：厦门大学人文与艺术学部;
【分类号】：C95

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