杀虫剂和高温胁迫对两种赤眼蜂的影响

发布时间：2021-03-05 06:04

　　作为多种鳞翅目害虫卵期的重要寄生性天敌,赤眼蜂在世界范围内已经被成功地应用于淹没式释放和接种式释放生物防治项目中。然而,在农田生态系统中,该寄生性天敌在发挥其控害潜能的过程中很可能会受到杀虫剂和高温的干扰。本研究选取小菜蛾卵期的两种重要赤眼蜂（螟黄赤眼蜂和卷蛾分索赤眼蜂）为供试蜂种,在实验室条件下通过视频跟踪和肉眼观测的方法评估了田间常用杀虫剂（高效氯氰菊酯和多杀菌素）和短期高温对两种赤眼蜂行为和生物学特性的影响。研究结果将为赤眼蜂的田间应用提供建议,从而提高赤眼蜂的控害潜能。为了评估杀虫剂对螟黄赤眼蜂行为的影响,供试蜂在测试前先暴露于LC₁和LC₂₀的杀虫剂24小时。而在高温对卷蛾分索赤眼蜂生物学特性影响的研究中,三种温度（33,36,和39摄氏度）、四种暴露时间（2,4,6,和8小时）和四个处理虫态（胚胎-一龄幼虫期,二龄幼虫期,预蛹期,和蛹期）被选为三个影响因素。本研究的主要结果如下:1螟黄赤眼蜂配偶选择和寄主卵识别行为研究研究表明,当螟黄赤眼蜂雄蜂同时面对一头同种雌蜂（螟黄赤眼蜂）和一头异种雌蜂（卷蛾分索赤眼蜂）时,螟黄赤眼蜂雄蜂能够... 

【文章来源】：华南农业大学广东省

【文章页数】：170 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
    1.1 Biology and life cycle of Trichogramma
    1.2 Trichogramma as an agent for biological control
        1.2.1 Historical perspective
        1.2.2 Current situation of Trichogramma application
        1.2.3 Trichogramma application for biological control in China
        1.2.4 Mass rearing of Trichogramma for field releasing
    1.3 Effect of pesticides on the fitness of Trichogramma
        1.3.1 Physiological effect
        1.3.2 Behavioral effect
    1.4 Effect of high temperature on the fitness of Trichogramma
        1.4.1 Physiological responses
        1.4.2 Behavioral responses
    1.5 Research ideas of this thesis
    1.6 Objective and research contents of this thesis
        1.6.1 Objective
        1.6.2 Research contents
    1.7 Thesis format
    1.8 Experimental flow chart
Chapter 2: Mate choice and host discrimination behavior of the parasitoid Trichogrammachilonis （Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae）
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and methods
        2.2.1 Insects
        2.2.2 Male mate choice
        2.2.3 Sex pheromone perception by males
        2.2.4 Host egg discrimination
        2.2.5 Statistical analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Male mate choice
        2.3.2 Sex pheromone perception by males
        2.3.3 Host egg discrimination
    2.4 Discussion
Chapter 3: Effect of insecticides on sex pheromone communication and mating behavior inTrichogramma chilonis （Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae）
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and methods
        3.2.1 Insect origin and rearing
        3.2.2 Mating behavior
        3.2.3 Concentration-mortality response
        3.2.4 Exposure to insecticides
        3.2.5 Experiment I. Effect of insecticides on survival and fecundity
        3.2.6 Experiment II. Effect of insecticides on sex pheromone communication
        3.2.7 Experiment III. Effect of insecticides on mating behavior and fertilization capacity ofmales
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Mating behavior
        3.3.2 Concentration-mortality response
        3.3.3 Effect of insecticides on survival and fecundity
        3.3.4 Effect of insecticides on sex pheromone communication
        3.3.5 Effect of insecticides on mating behavior and fertilization capacity of males
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4: Effect of two conventional insecticides on male-specific sex pheromone discrimination and mate choice in Trichogramma chilonis （Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae）
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and methods
        4.2.1 Insects
        4.2.2 Exposure to insecticides
        4.2.3 Experiment I. Effect of insecticides on male specific sex pheromonediscrimination
        4.2.4 Experiment II. Effect of insecticides on male mate choice
        4.2.5 Experiment III. Effect of insecticides on the male locomotor activity
        4.2.6 Statistical analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Effect of insecticides on male-specific sex pheromone discrimination
        4.3.2 Effect of insecticides on male mate choice
        4.3.3 Effect of insecticides on male locomotor activity
    4.4 Discussion
Chapter 5: Effect of insecticides on oviposition and host discrimination behavior ofTrichogramma chilonis （Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae）
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Materials and methods
        5.2.1 Insects
        5.2.2 General oviposition behavior
        5.2.3 Exposure to insecticides
        5.2.4 Experiment I. Effect of insecticides on the oviposition behavior of females
        5.2.5 Experiment II. Effect of insecticides on the host discrimination behavior of females
        5.2.6 Statistical analysis
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 Effect of insecticides on the oviposition behavior of females
        5.3.2 Effect of insecticides on the host discrimination behavior of females
    5.4 Discussion
Chapter 6: Effect of heat stress on the quality of Trichogrammatoidea bactrae（Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae）
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Materials and methods
        6.2.1 Insect origin and rearing
        6.2.2 Experimental design
        6.2.3 Measured traits
    6.3 Results
        6.3.1 Effect of heat stress on the development of T. bactrae
        6.3.2 Effect of heat stress on the reproduction of T. bactrae
        6.3.3 Effect of heat stress on the life-table parameters of T. bactrae
    6.4 Discussion
Chapter 7 Conclusion of whole thesis
Acknowledgements
References cited
Appendix



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