白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性及其代谢机理研究

发布时间：2022-12-11 10:24

　　水稻是第二重要的粮食作物,世界上有一半以上的人口以大米为食。害虫对水稻的危害一直是制约全球水稻生产和质量的主要因素,为降低其危害,杀虫剂仍是主要的防治手段,每年施用的杀虫剂要花费数百万美元。因此,需选用新型、高效和环境友好的杀虫剂来减少由害虫暴发造成的产量损失。然而,在多种昆虫中,如白背飞虱,其抗性的发展对杀虫剂的有效性造成严重的威胁。白背飞虱（WBPH）Sogatella furcifera（Horvath）（Hemiptera:Delphacidae）是许多亚洲发展中国家水稻上的主要害虫,它通过吸吮韧皮部汁液和在水稻茎中产卵危害,给水稻的安全生产造成重大损失。化学杀虫剂仍是防治白背飞虱获得高产水稻的主要手段。然而,由于杀虫剂的大量使用,白背飞虱已对12种不同的活性化合物（包括噻嗪酮）产生抗性。噻嗪酮是昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂之一,属于噻二嗪类,能抑制昆虫几丁质合成,其中几丁质是昆虫表皮中最重要的部分。目前,噻嗪酮在稻田中主要用于防治同翅目害虫。然而由于其大量使用,白背飞虱田间种群已对噻嗪酮产生高水平抗性。因此,为探究白背飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性机制,延缓抗性的发展,本文监测了白背飞虱田间种... 

【文章页数】：143 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
Abbreviations
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Literature Review
    1.1 Rice
    1.2 Rice pest
    1.3 WBPH (white-backed planthopper)
    1.4 Economic loss due to damage caused by WBPH
    1.5 Taxonomic Tree of WBPH
    1.6 Biology of WBPH
    1.7 Different tactics for management of WBPH
        1.7.1 Biological control
        1.7.2 Mechanical and cultural control
        1.7.3 Chemical control
    1.8 Buprofezin
        1.8.1 Physical and chemical properties of buprofezin
        1.8.2 Ecotoxicology of buprofezin
        1.8.3 Mechanism action of buprofezin
    1.9 Fitness costs
    1.10 Cross-resistance
    1.11 Progress in resistance to WBPH
        1.11.1 Resistance of WBPH to organochlorine
        1.11.2 Resistance of WBPH to organophosphate and carbamate
        1.11.3 Resistance of WBPH to pyrethroid insecticide
        1.11.4 Resistance of WBPH to insect growth regulator insecticide
        1.11.5 Resistance of WBPH to neonicotinoid insecticide
        1.11.6 Resistance of WBPH to pyridine insecticide
    1.12 Resistance Mechanism Assessments
        1.12.1 Cytochrome P450
        1.12.2 Mechanism action of P450
        1.12.3 Glutathione S- transferase (GST)
        1.12.4 Mechanism action of GST
        1.12.5 Carboxylesterases (CarEs)
        1.12.6 Mechanism action of CarEs
    1.13 Objectives of the research
Chapter 2 Monitoring of buprofezin resistance in the field populations of WBPH
    Introduction
    2.1 Materials and Methods
        2.1.1 Insects
        2.1.2 Chemicals
        2.1.3 Apparatus and equipments
        2.1.4 Bioassay method
        2.1.5 Test for synergism
        2.1.6 Statistical analysis
    2.2 Results
        2.2.1 Susceptibility of field population of white-backed planthopper to buprofezin
        2.2.2 Pair-wise correlation analysis
        2.2.3 Synergistic effect on buprofezin toxicity of field populations of WBPH
    2.3 Discussion
        2.3.1 Resistance monitoring of WBPH
        2.3.2 Pair wise Correlation with other tested insecticides
Chapter 3 Sublethal effects of buprofezin on life-table of white-backed planthopper
    Introduction
    3.1 Materials and Methods
        3.1.1 Insect and insecticide
        3.1.2 Apparatus and equipments
        3.1.3 Bioassay method
        3.1.4 Statistical analysis
    3.2 Results
        3.2.1 Buprofezin toxicity to white-backed planthopper
        3.2.2 Sublethal effects of buprofezin on parental (F0) WBPH
        3.2.3 Transgenerational effects of buprofezin on offspring (F1) WBPH
    3.3 Discussion
Chapter 4 Fitness cost and inheritance of buprofezin-resistance in white-backedplanthopper
    Introduction
    4.1 Materials and methods
        4.1.1 Susceptible insect
        4.1.2 Resistant insect
        4.1.3 Apparatus and equipment
        4.1.4 Bioassay
        4.1.5 Genetics of resistance to buprofezin
        4.1.6 Fitness comparisons
        4.1.7 Statistical analysis
    4.2 Results
        4.2.1 Buprofezin Selection
        4.2.2 Genetics of resistance to buprofezin
        4.2.3 Fitness comparison
    4.3 Discussions
Chapter 5 Selection for buprofezin resistance in white-backed planthopper and itspossible mechanisms
    Introduction
    5.1 Materials and methods
        5.1.1 Insect
        5.1.2 Resistant Insect
        5.1.3 Chemicals and reagents
        5.1.4 Apparatus and equipments
        5.1.5 Bioassay
        5.1.6 Resistance selection
        5.1.7 Test for synergism
        5.1.8 Enzyme Activity
        5.1.9 Data analysis
    5.2 Results
        5.2.1 Buprofezin resistance development
        5.2.2 Cross resistance and Synergistic effects
        5.2.3 Assessments of detoxification enzymes
    5.3 Discussion
Chapter 6 Screening of different genes associated with the resistance of buprofezin
    Introduction
    6.1 Materials and Methods
        6.1.1 Insect
        6.1.2 Chemicals and reagents
        6.1.3 Apparatus for RNAs and c DNAs analysis
        6.1.4 Primer design
        6.1.5 RNA extraction
        6.1.6 cDNA synthesis
        6.1.7 qRT-PCR reaction
        6.1.8 Data analysis
    6.2 Results
        6.2.1 Assessment of expression levels of detoxification genes in buprofezin resistant andsusceptible strains
    6.3 Discussion
Chapter 7 Conclusion and Prospectives
References
Appendices
Publications
Acknowledgements


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]湖北稻区白背飞虱田间种群抗药性监测[J]. 张小磊,廖逊,毛凯凯,李建洪,万虎.  昆虫学报. 2016(11)
[2]氯虫苯甲酰胺对白背飞虱实验种群的亚致死效应[J]. 杨洪,王召,金道超.  昆虫学报. 2012(10)
[3]灰飞虱对几类杀虫剂的抗性和敏感性[J]. 马崇勇,高聪芬,韦华杰,沈晋良.  中国水稻科学. 2007(05)
[4]中国的白背飞虱研究概况[J]. 沈君辉,尚金梅,刘光杰.  中国水稻科学. 2003(S1)
[5]The insecticide resistance in two planthoppers from three areas to three insecticides[J]. LIU Zewen HAN Zhaojun WANG Yinchang Key Lab of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects,Ministry of Agricuhure,Nanjing Agri Univ,Nanjing 210095,China.  Chinese Rice Research Newsletter. 2002(Z1)
[6]稻褐飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性的检测技术[J]. 庄永林,沈晋良.  南京农业大学学报. 2000(03)
[7]三唑磷对不同翅型稻褐飞虱繁殖力的影响[J]. 庄永林,沈晋良,陈峥.  南京农业大学学报. 1999(03)
[8]吡虫啉、扑虱灵对褐稻虱的作用机制及药效特征比较研究[J]. 邱光,顾正远,刘贤金,肖英方.  华东昆虫学报. 1997(02)



本文编号：3718611