沼气化在全球范围内的应用:如何发展经济及环境友好的新能源
发布时间:2021-08-29 03:48
在上个世纪,经济合作与发展组织(OECD)各成员国的能源与农产品的消耗量都大幅提高,使其开始着眼于对环境影响较小的可再生能源的使用。目前已有多种技术手段来达到这一目的。甲烷化技术以机废物作为原料来产热发电,并将这些废物转化为肥料加以利用,在欧洲被视为一条获得清洁能源的有效途径。在近十年中,这一技术在欧洲得到了极大的发展,其中以德国和北欧国家的发展最为迅速。由于支持系统(上网电价补贴、许可证、财政投入等)的不断完善,这一技术在法国等其他欧盟国家也得到了广泛应用。但目前,也有一些限制其推广的因素存在,高昂的初期投资以及监管负担就是下限制其发展的重要壁垒。本论文首先阐述了甲烷化技术的机能以及不同原料与产物之间的关联,以及该技术在经济与环境上的优势。甲烷化技术的输入原料包括来自工业或农业生产的干的或湿的有机废物,产出能源主要为热或电,沼渣可作为干的或湿的肥料使用,在经济上可为特定区域创造就业机会,提供稳定能源,在环境上可替代化石燃料并生产高品质有机肥。其次,本论文通过对比法国与德国之间沼气化的发展历程,重点分析该技术发展的促进因素和限制因素。因为起步较晚,法国只有不到200座甲烷化工厂,远落后...
【文章来源】:清华大学北京市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:111 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
摘要
DEFINITIONS
CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLE
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Stakes in energy and agriculture
1.2 Context of the thesis with VERDESIS
1.3 Research purpose and methodology
1.4 Research content and scope
CHAPTER 2. METHANISATION – TECHNICAL APPROACH FOR GEO ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM
2.1 Methanisation–A plant with different inflows and outflows
2.1.1 The origin of methane
2.1.2 Different Inputs
2.1.3 Technical aspects of a methanisation plant
2.2 Advantages of methanisation
2.2.2 Ecological advantage
2.2.3 Economic advantage
CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE – DIFFERENT GROWTH
3.1 Intermediary development in France
3.1.1 Historical analysis
3.1.2 Reasons for development
3.1.3 Restraints and costs in France
3.2 Different situations
3.2.1 Comparison with Germany :
3.2.2 Other countries
CHAPTER 4. TOKEN FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Coming next: potentials and cares
4.1.1 Potentials
4.1.2 Cares
4.2 Learning from Europe for Chinese methanisation development
4.2.1 Specificities of China (SW - OT analysis)
4.2.2 Vision for development
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
RESUME
本文编号:3369843
【文章来源】:清华大学北京市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校
【文章页数】:111 页
【学位级别】:硕士
【文章目录】:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
摘要
DEFINITIONS
CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLE
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Stakes in energy and agriculture
1.2 Context of the thesis with VERDESIS
1.3 Research purpose and methodology
1.4 Research content and scope
CHAPTER 2. METHANISATION – TECHNICAL APPROACH FOR GEO ECOLOGICAL EQUILIBRIUM
2.1 Methanisation–A plant with different inflows and outflows
2.1.1 The origin of methane
2.1.2 Different Inputs
2.1.3 Technical aspects of a methanisation plant
2.2 Advantages of methanisation
2.2.2 Ecological advantage
2.2.3 Economic advantage
CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE – DIFFERENT GROWTH
3.1 Intermediary development in France
3.1.1 Historical analysis
3.1.2 Reasons for development
3.1.3 Restraints and costs in France
3.2 Different situations
3.2.1 Comparison with Germany :
3.2.2 Other countries
CHAPTER 4. TOKEN FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Coming next: potentials and cares
4.1.1 Potentials
4.1.2 Cares
4.2 Learning from Europe for Chinese methanisation development
4.2.1 Specificities of China (SW - OT analysis)
4.2.2 Vision for development
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
RESUME
本文编号:3369843
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