中美著作人身权权利构造的比较法考察

发布时间：2018-01-19 05:08

本文关键词： 中美著作人身权权利构造比较　出处：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对权利体系的细致研究是一种法律制度走向成熟的重要标志。著作人身权在著作权体系中占有重要的地位,对著作人身权的迥异立场造就了不同法系国家著作权制度的差异性模式。本文以中美两国著作人身权权利构造为研究对象,试图通过观察两国著作人身权规则的发展趋势和立法思路,启发对我国的著作人身权立法的反思：究竟是严格的还是宽松的著作人身权保护才是符合国际趋势的立法选择?我国目前所采取的立法原则和模式所构造的著作人身权是否符合我国国情?中美的著作人身权权利构造是否需要改造?需要怎样的改造? 本文以比较法学的原理和方法为主要工具,对中美著作人身权权利构造的历史渊源、背景、构造原则、权利性质和特点、权利内容、权利期限以及权利继让等诸多方面进行了全方位的比较分析和考察。通过比较考察,笔者认为中美著作人身权体系中存在诸多本质差异：立法立场和态度方面,中国的著作人身权是一种主动选择,美国是被动接受；构造原则方面,中国是权利本位和人本主义,美国是财产本位和功利主义；性质方面,中国著作人身权是一种特殊人格权,美国是一种有着精神权利外壳的财产性权利；内容方面,中国的保护范围比美国广泛；期限方面,中国是永久保护,美国的保护期限与财产权保护期限一致；在权利继让方面,中国严格限制权利转让,美国在这一方面显得宽松得多。探究中美著作人身权权利构造的如此巨大差异的成因,与两国的法律传统、历史文化积淀以及当前文化产品类型及资源的多寡是分不开的。中国是一个历史悠久的国家,所以更愿意采取严格的著作人身权保护,以维护中国的历史文化作品；美国是一个“没有历史”的国家,所以对著作人身权不甚重视。从当前文化产品来看,美国的文化输出多采用电影、音乐等对原作进行改编的形式,美国认为严格的著作人身权保护会限制其文化创新和创作,所以采取了目前的保护形式。综上,笔者认为,比较中美两国的著作人身权权利构造的差异,并不能以某一种构造形式的胜出而告终,我们不能轻易断言哪一国的更为有效或者优秀,每一个国家采取不同的构造模式,都有其必然的原因和理由。在任何一个国家,都难以构造出一种尽善尽美的权利体系满足所有人的需要,我们只能在结合本国实际的情况下,选择最能符合本国国情,最能保护本国利益的方式。我们必须要综合考察其历史文化深厚与否、当前文化作品创作繁荣与否、文化贸易状况等多方面内容,才能了解该国的著作人身权权利构造是否合适,是否有改造的必要。
[Abstract]:The careful study of the system of rights is an important sign of the maturity of the legal system. The personal right of the author occupies an important position in the copyright system. The different stand on the personal rights of works has created the different modes of copyright system in different legal system countries. This paper takes the construction of personal rights in the works of China and the United States as the object of study. This paper attempts to observe the development trend and legislative thinking of the personal rights rules of the two countries. Enlighten the reflection on the legislation of personal rights in our country: is it strict or lenient protection of personal rights is the legislative choice that accords with the international trend? Is the author's personal right in accordance with the national conditions of our country in accordance with the legislative principles and models adopted by our country at present? Does the construction of personal rights in China and the United States need to be reformed? What kind of transformation is needed? With the principle and method of comparative law as the main tool, this paper analyzes the historical origin, background, construction principle, nature and characteristics of the right, and the content of the right in Chinese and American works. Through comparative investigation, the author thinks that there are many essential differences in the system of personal rights of Chinese and American works: legislative position and attitude. China's personal right of writing is an active choice, the United States is passively accepted; In terms of construction principles, China is rights-oriented and humanism, the United States is property-based and utilitarian; In nature, the personal right of Chinese works is a kind of special personality right, and the United States is a kind of property right with the shell of spiritual right. In terms of content, China's scope of protection is wider than that of the United States; In terms of duration, China is a permanent protection, and the duration of protection in the United States is consistent with the term of protection of property rights. In terms of power transfer, China strictly restricts the transfer of rights, and the United States is much more lenient in this respect. This paper explores the causes of such great differences in the construction of personal rights between China and the United States, and the legal traditions of the two countries. Historical and cultural accumulation and the current types of cultural products and resources are inseparable. China is a country with a long history, so it is more willing to take strict protection of the personal rights of works. To safeguard China's historical and cultural works; The United States is a country with "no history", so it does not attach great importance to the personal rights of the works. From the current cultural products, the cultural export of the United States takes the form of films, music and other forms of adaptation of the original works. The United States believes that strict protection of the personal rights of works will limit its cultural innovation and creation, so it takes the current form of protection. To sum up, the author thinks that comparing the differences between China and the United States in the construction of personal rights can not end in the victory of a certain form of construction, we can not easily assert which country is more effective or excellent. Each country has its own reasons and reasons for adopting a different structural model. In any country, it is difficult to construct a perfect system of rights to meet the needs of all. We can only choose the best way to suit our national conditions and protect our national interests under the circumstances of our own country. We must comprehensively examine whether its history and culture are profound or not. Whether the creation of cultural works is prosperous or not and whether the cultural and trade conditions are prosperous or not can help us understand whether the construction of the right to personal rights of works in this country is appropriate or not and whether it is necessary to reform it.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;D923.41

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