文物仿制品的版权问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 09:49

本文关键词： 文物仿制品文物复制品赝品可版权性文物仿制品保护　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文从著作权法的角度对文物仿制品的相关问题进行了探讨,文物仿制品从实用性到观赏性类型多样,内容丰富。长期以来无论是学术界还是实践界对文物仿制品、复制品、赝品三者之间的关系可以用一句俗语"剪不断理还乱"来形容。然而只有理清三者之间的关系才能更加精准地概括文物仿制品的范围,才能进一步研究文物仿制品。文物仿制品是一个仿制而来的物品,对于文物仿制品是否有独创性,是否构成作品还需要从作品构成条件的角度进行分析。笔者认为对于不同于复制品的文物仿制品作为一个大类可能有不符合独创性要求而不能成为作品的,但是仍然存在能够满足独创性要求成为作品的文物仿制品,但是以目前笔者的研究能力尚不能对全部能够构成作品的文物仿制品进行概括式列举。假如反向推理我们可以得出:只要有一个文物仿制品能够成为作品就足够说明文物仿制品的可版权性。对文物仿制品可成为的作品类型(美术作品或者实用艺术品)文中也进行了简单分析,最后对文物仿制品的保护还有被侵权认定的特殊性进行了分析。第一部分是对文物仿制品的概述,从引言中以常书鸿先生的临摹画作为切入点引入问题,然后首先是对"文物"一词的考证,对文物的考证也是为了精确认识文物仿制品。笔者根据《文物复制拓印管理办法》中对"文物复制"的概念,再结合"复制"和"仿制"二词,给出了"文物仿制"的一个定义。最后笔者在概述里对文物仿制品的非法律价值进行了简单综述,主要表达文物仿制品的可研究价值。第二部分是对文物仿制品的国内外对比研究,这一部分存在的最大的缺陷就是无论是外文还是中文的资料都很少,笔者在研究国外文物仿制问题时,仅是用一则新闻,引述了埃及政府对文物复制要收版权费的问题,进而笔者对比论述了文物仿制品是否要缴纳版权费的问题,另外在国外问题研究中对"复制"和"仿制"这一国际性区分难题进行了分析,为了进一步研究,笔者还给出了自己的一个判定标准;在国内问题研究中笔者对研究现状进行了分析,其实可以用"空白"这样的字眼来进行描述,只有一少部分学者探讨过这个问题。但是对临摹作品已经有较多的学者研究过,而且形成了三种不同的观点,而临摹作品不是复制品就是仿制品这是一个焦点问题,笔者也给出了自己的思考和假设。最后在国内问题研究中笔者还对文物仿制品和赝品的关系进行了深入探讨,力图将文物仿制品和赝品区别开来,这一研究具有基础研究意义,笔者对赝品进行了创造性的构设,试探着破解赝品的本质和文物复制品和仿制品之间的关系。第三部分是对文物仿制品可版权性问题的分析,具有独创性是构成作品的主要依据,而独创性标准是独创性的判断依据,因此笔者从独创性的标准问题开始探讨并根据标准对复制品和仿制品进行了分析,并且以蛋壳陶杯为例展示了文物仿制品的可版权性。另外,笔者也对文物仿制品表达的非唯一性进行了辅助性研究,目的是更好地说明文物仿制品的可版权性。笔者还对文物仿制品的作品类型进行了探讨,并以《著作权法》第三次修改为切口,引入实用艺术品,分析了文物仿制品可成为的作品类型--美术作品、实用艺术品。第四部分是对文物仿制品保护问题的探讨,首先对文物仿制品的保护方式进行了探讨,主要从版权法的角度和其他法律角度两个角度。从版权法的角度来讲,文物仿制品成为美术作品的保护模式,在我国的《著作权法》里已经有了明文规定,但是对实用艺术品的保护模式没有规定,笔者对此进行了简单分析。另外,笔者从其他法律角度,对文物仿制品的保护提出了建设性意见。其次,笔者对文物仿制品被侵权认定的特殊性进行了分析,并且根据特殊问题特殊对待的原则,给出了建议。最后,对两个相关问题进行了阐述。文物仿制品类别广,和复制品的区分标准模糊都是本文研究的难点,另外,研究这一问题的学者尚属极少数,资料缺乏,有些问题都是笔者创设性地思考结果,难免有主观臆断之嫌,这些都促成了本文的不完美性。鉴于笔者研究能力有限,对这些问题的研究并没有达到深入的层次,只是一些探究式研究和思考,还请各位老师批评指正。
[Abstract]:This paper discussed from the angle of copyright law issues related to the historic artifacts, historic artifacts from the practical to ornamental types, rich in content. For a long time both academic and practice circles reproductions of cultural relics, imitation, the relationship between the three fakes can be a saying "shear continuously chaotic" to describe the relationship between. However can only sort out three more accurately summarized range of historic artifacts, in order to further the study of cultural relics. Relics imitation imitation is an imitation of goods and cultural relics for imitation is originality, whether a work still needs a condition from the works the angle is analyzed. The author thinks that the cultural relics are different from imitation replica as a large class might have not meet the requirements of originality and not a work, but there are still able to meet the originality For cultural relics imitation works, but the cultural relics imitation research at present is not the ability of all can constitute a work summary list. If we reverse inference can be drawn: as long as there is a cultural relic imitation can become the work is enough to explain the historic artifacts of copyright of historic artifacts can be. A type of work (art or applied art) this paper also analyzed the particularity of the protection of cultural relics, the imitation and infringement are analyzed. The first part is an overview of historic artifacts, from the introduction to sketches of Mr. Chang Shuhong as the cut in point, then first is the "cultural relics" in the Research of cultural relics research is to accurately understanding cultural relics imitation. According to the author of "cultural reproduction in < rubbing the measures on the administration of cultural reproduction" The concept, combined with the "copy" and "generic" two words, "gives a definition of imitation artifacts". Finally the author outlines the legal value of cultural relics in non imitation are reviewed, the main expression of the value of historic artifacts. The second part is the domestic and foreign comparative study of cultural relics imitation products, this part of the biggest flaw is whether foreign or Chinese data are few, the author in the study of foreign imitation artifacts problems, only in a News quoted the Egyptian government on cultural relics copy to copyright, the author discusses the comparative cultural relics imitation whether to pay copyright fees, also in foreign issues in the study of "copy" and "imitation" of the international division of the problems are analyzed, in order to further study, the author also gives a criterion of their domestic research; The author analyzes the research status, we can use the word of "blank" to describe, only a few scholars have discussed the problem. But there are lots of scholars to study on copying works, and formed three different opinions, and copying works is not a copy of this imitation is a focus of the problem, the author also gives the thinking and assumptions of their own. Finally discussed in domestic research the author also on the relationship between cultural relics imitation and counterfeit, fake and imitation artifacts to be distinguished, with basic research significance of this study, the author conducted the construction of creative imitation probing the essence and cultural relationship between crack fake copy products and fake products. The third part is the analysis of historic artifacts of copyright issues, originality is the main constitute the basis for the work, While the standard of originality is the original judgement on the basis of the author, from the standard of originality begin to explore and analyze according to the standard copy and imitation, and the eggshell pottery cup as example to demonstrate the historic artifacts of copyright. In addition, the author also expressed on the non uniqueness of the imitation of cultural relics the study on the auxiliary, the goal is to better show imitation products can be copyrighted. The author also works on historic artifacts were discussed, and the "Copyright Law > Third Revision of incision, introducing practical works of art, analyzes the historic artifacts can become the types of work - works of art, applied art. The fourth part is to discuss the problems of cultural relics protection of imitation, imitation first of cultural relics protection methods were discussed, mainly from the two aspects of copyright law and other laws. From the point of view of copyright law angle Speaking of cultural relics, imitation becomes the protection mode of art works, in China's "copyright law" has been expressly provided, but the mode of protection of practical artwork does not require, the author has carried on the simple analysis. In addition, the other from the angle of law, protection of cultural relics imitation and puts forward constructive opinions. Secondly, the author of the special historic artifacts by the infringement are analyzed, and according to the special problems of special treatment principles, some suggestions are given. Finally, on two related problems are discussed. Historic artifacts category wide, and a copy of the distinction between standard fuzzy is difficult, this paper also a study on this issue, scholars is still very small, the lack of information, some of the problems are the result of the creation of thinking, is too subjective, these have contributed to the imperfections of the research. The research ability is limited, and the research on these problems has not reached a deep level. It is only a few inquiring research and thinking, and we also ask teachers to criticize them.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41

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