论版权制度下的“孤儿作品”问题

发布时间：2018-03-10 22:22

本文选题：孤儿作品　切入点：谷歌数字图书馆案　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：孤儿作品问题研究在我国仍是一个比较新的领域,随着谷歌数字图书馆计划遭遇侵权诉讼后才被越来越多的人关注。孤儿作品存在已久,但是在数字化时代对海量数据的需求环境下更为严重。获得孤儿作品权利人的授权对使用人来说极为不便,在某些情况下甚至不可能,因此,有必要研究一套可行方案使孤儿作品得到有效使用。目前我国对这一问题的研究很少且大都雷同,本文意在对孤儿作品问题进行更全面与深入的研究。本文分为四个部分。第一章为孤儿作品问题概述,首先厘清了孤儿作品的概念与范围,并对孤儿作品产生原因进行了深入分析,揭示出其在数字化时代突然引起关注的内在必然性。第二章从版权法利益平衡角度探讨了孤儿作品被盘活的必要性,并通过财产法则与补偿法则的比较,辅之以对孤儿作品极高交易成本与如何激励公众创作的分析,揭示出版权法上传统的先授权后使用的财产法则不适用于孤儿作品问题,而应转向先使用后补偿的补偿法则;并进一步论述了补偿法则下具体标准的立法、司法、及私人决定方式的评估,分析出由私人或民间第三方确定补偿标准是最优选择。第三章首先对影响重大的谷歌数字图书馆案进行分析,阐述孤儿作品问题在数字化时代的复杂性,并评述该案中的和解协议提供的方案—即设立以中立版权登记处为核心的孤儿作品管理方式;分析和解协议面临的反垄断问题;肯定和解协议可以作为一种市场自发形成的民间组织管理孤儿作品的有效方案。随后本文介绍了美国的《2008年孤儿作品法案》,对其规定的限制救济制度进行评析;然后对和解协议方法与该法案进行总结比较,肯定和解协议提供的方案更为有效。最后该部分介绍了世界各国对孤儿作品问题采取的解决方案,对各方案的优点与缺点进行分析,总结出由民间第三方组织管理孤儿作品交易是较合适的选择。本文最后详细论述了我国的孤儿作品问题,虽然我国著作权法上并无这一概念,但是我国的著作权立法状况以及社会环境因素等决定了孤儿作品问题也是存在的,现实中有许多作品与权利人失去了联系。随后分析了我国与孤儿作品类似概念的立法规定,指出我国著作权法中规定的不合理之处,并进行修改的建议。最后,本文通过借鉴上述各种解决方案的可取之处,依托于我国现存法律规定,提出了我国孤儿作品问题的解决方案,包括加强版权集体管理组织建设、设立许可制度、建立备案制度、明确合理勤勉搜寻以及许可与补偿的标准等。
[Abstract]:The study of orphan works is still a relatively new field in our country. It is only after Google Digital Library plans to encounter infringement litigation that more and more people pay attention to it. Orphan works have existed for a long time. But in the digital age, the demand for mass data is even more serious. It is extremely inconvenient for users to obtain the authorization of the right holders of orphan works, and in some cases it is not even possible, so, It is necessary to study a set of feasible scheme to make the orphan works be used effectively. At present, there are few and most similar researches on this problem in our country. The purpose of this paper is to make a more comprehensive and in-depth study on the problem of orphans' works. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter is an overview of orphans' works. Firstly, it clarifies the concept and scope of orphans' works, and analyzes the causes of orphans' works. It reveals the inherent inevitability of its sudden attention in the digital age. The second chapter discusses the necessity of the orphan works being invigorated from the angle of copyright law benefit balance, and through the comparison of property law and compensation rule, it is supplemented by the analysis of the extremely high transaction cost of orphan works and how to encourage the public to create. It is revealed that the traditional property law of prior authorization and later use in copyright law is not applicable to the problem of orphan works, but should be turned to the compensation rule of first use and then compensation, and further discusses the legislation of specific standards under the law of compensation and the administration of justice. And the evaluation of the private decision mode, it is concluded that the compensation standard determined by the private or private third party is the best choice. In the third chapter, the author analyzes the important digital library case of Google, and expounds the complexity of the problem of orphans' works in the digital age. It also comments on the scheme provided by the settlement agreement in this case, that is, establishing the management mode of orphan works with the neutral copyright registry as the core, and analyzes the antitrust problems faced by the settlement agreement. It is affirmed that the settlement agreement can be regarded as an effective scheme for the management of orphans' works by civil organizations formed spontaneously in the market. Then this paper introduces the American Orphan works Act of 2008 and evaluates its restrictive relief system. Then the settlement agreement method is summarized and compared with the bill, affirming that the settlement agreement provides a more effective solution. Finally, this section introduces the solutions adopted by countries around the world to the problem of orphans' works. The advantages and disadvantages of each scheme are analyzed, and it is concluded that it is a more appropriate choice for private third party organizations to manage the trade of orphan works. At the end of this paper, the problem of orphan works in China is discussed in detail. Although there is no such concept in the copyright law of our country, the legislative status of copyright and social environmental factors in our country determine that the problem of orphan works also exists. In reality, many works have lost contact with the right holder. Then, it analyzes the legislative provisions of the concept similar to the orphan's works in China, points out the unreasonable points stipulated in the copyright law of our country, and proposes to amend them. By drawing lessons from the above solutions and relying on the existing laws and regulations of our country, this paper puts forward solutions to the problems of orphans' works in our country, including strengthening the construction of collective copyright management organizations and establishing a licensing system. Set up filing system, clear reasonable and diligent search and license and compensation standards.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.41

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