全面抗日前夕《独立评论》的抗战舆论研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 06:01

本文选题：《独立评论》　切入点：抗战舆论动员　出处：《安徽大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 1932年5月22日,《独立评论》由胡适等现代知识分子创刊于北平,作为一份政论刊物,“以言立世、以言救世”不仅是实现报纸作为“社会雷达”的方式和手段,更是《独立评论》的办刊宗旨和责无旁贷的历史使命,因此,综其所刊载的244期文章来看,无论是为内政建言还是为外交献策,《独立评论》始终呼应着救亡图存的时代精神和民族主义的社会思潮。在这一过程中,以胡适为代表的自由主义者不仅践行着报人的基本职责——作为舆论领袖引导社会认知,更以社会精英的姿态履行着知识分子与生俱来的历史责任——在国家、民族危亡之际,擎起舆论之大旗,为探寻国家富强、民族振兴而摇旗呐喊。本文将从媒介如何进行舆论动员的角度,分四章对民族危机中报刊进行战争舆论建构做一探讨。第一章首先对“舆论”和“抗战舆论”的概念进行界定,以便为后文的论述提供学理的支撑和基础。文章选取了目前学界关于舆论传播较为权威的研究成果,并结合本文研究对象的实际情况,将舆论定义为“现代知识分子在《独立评论》上自主发表的关于抗战的各种言论和意见的综合”。在此基础上,文章进一步从内容和形式两方面分析了抗战舆论动员的含义,在内容上,抗战舆论动员主要表现为《独立评论》在内政外交两方面的舆论表述,在形式上,则体现为《独立评论》作为学人论政的舆论平台所构建的“公共空间”。第二章旨在厘清抗战舆论动员需要的基本条件。文章从舆论传播过程的角度,剖析舆论动员需要具备的要素,即：舆论领袖、大众传播媒介、民意。文章在分别论述三者涵义的基础上指出,舆论动员是三者共同发生作用的意见传播过程。进而,在具体到本文的研究对象——《独立评论》的抗战舆论动员时,剖析了以胡适为代表的舆论领袖的特征,政论报刊与社会变革的关系以及20世纪30年代中国内政外交的历史环境,以求尽力还原《独立评论》所处时代的历史背景。第三章主要以《独立评论》中的对日言论为文本研究对象,在分析《独立评论》对国共两党以及对日本的舆论表述中,体察其作为政论报刊在国难时期对民族主义情绪的建构和引导,并具体从《独立评论》的舆论领袖与其所聚集起的现代知识分子圈两个方面,考察二者在对民族主义舆论表述中的呼应关系。第四章则主要从内政方面考察《独立评论》为国家政治、文化建设所做的努力。外敌入侵之下,以胡适为代表的独立群体迫切要求重建社会政治中心,在衡量国内各派势力下,他们将希望寄托于国民党之上,并为如何重建中心力量积极建言献策。同时,面对传统文化遭遇信仰危机,独立群体以知识分子特有的文化使命感投身于传统与现代、东方与西方的博弈中。《独立评论》作为一份政论刊物,以其独到的视角、精辟的阐述在20世纪30年代中国舆论界、思想界中产生了广泛的影响,其立论始终着眼于当时社会政治、文化进程中的重大问题,并对内政外交提出了诸多有价值的参考和建议。从舆论动员的角度考察《独立评论》的抗战言论,强调了其作为媒介在社会历史发展中的作用,对相关学术研究也是有益的补充。
[Abstract]:In May 22, 1932, < > independent review by Hu Shi and other modern intellectuals founded in Beijing, as a political commentator publication, "said Li Shi, the words" is not only the realization of the newspaper as "social radar" ways and means, it is the tenet of "independent review" and the duty of the historical mission, so the comprehensive, published 244 articles, whether it is for home or foreign advice and suggestions, "Independent Review > salvation from the spirit of the times always echoes and nationalism social thoughts. In this process, with Hu Shi as the representative of the liberal not only embody the basic responsibilities of journalists -- as public opinion the leader to guide social cognition, social elites to their intellectual and inherent responsibility -- in the country, the nation on the occasion, held the banner of public opinion, for the prosperity, national rejuvenation and flag From the angle of how media to mobilize public opinion, this article will discuss the construction of the press in the press of the national crisis in four chapters.
The first chapter, the concept of "public opinion" and "the public opinion" to define, so that after the exposition provides support and theoretical foundation. The paper selects the current academic circles on the dissemination of public opinion more authoritative research results, combined with the actual situation of the subjects, the public opinion is defined as "modern intellectuals in" Independent Review > self published on the various statements and opinions of the synthesis ". On this basis, the article further from the two aspects of the content and form of the mobilization of public opinion in the content, meaning, the mobilization of public opinion is manifested mainly in two aspects > < independent comments of domestic and foreign policy in the form of public opinion expression that is reflected in the" Independent Review > as intellectuals opinion platform constructing "public space".
The second chapter aims to clarify the basic conditions of mobilization of public opinion. The article from the public opinion process perspective, analysis of the mobilization of public opinion elements need to have that opinion leaders, the media and public opinion. This article discusses the basic meaning of the three pointed out that public opinion mobilization is the three common role in the propagation process then, specific to the research object of this paper: < > the independent review public opinion mobilization, analyses the characteristics of Hu Shi as the representative of the opinion leaders, the relationship between political press and social change and historical environment in 1930s China domestic and foreign affairs, in order to try to restore the < > independent review of the history background.
The third chapter mainly comments on the "Independence Day speech" as the object of study in text analysis "Independent Review > of the Kuomintang and to the Japanese public opinion expression, observe it as political press and guide the construction of nationalism in the war period, the two aspects of modern intellectuals and the" independent evaluation "on the opinion leaders and gathered, exploring the two in correspondence to the relationship between nationalism in the expression of public opinion.
The fourth chapter mainly from the interior aspects < > as independent review of national political, cultural construction efforts. The invasion under the independent group with Hu Shi as the representative of the urgent requirement of the reconstruction of social and political center, in the measure of domestic forces, they will hope Yu Guomin on the party, and how to rebuild the central power of positive suggestions at the same time, in the face of traditional culture suffered a crisis of faith, independent groups engaged in traditional and modern cultural mission of intellectuals unique sense of the game, the East and the West.
< > independent review as a political commentator publication, with its unique perspective, a brilliant exposition in 1930s China public opinion, extensive influence in the circle of thoughts, the argument always focus on social and political issues at the time, in the course of culture, and the domestic and foreign affairs put forward many valuable suggestions and reference < >. The influences of the independent review from the perspective of the public opinion mobilization speech, emphasizing it as media in the development of society and history, but also beneficial to supplement the relevant academic research.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K265;G239.29

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