chinese book 的翻译结果

  本文关键词：大众文化消费背景下我国图书传播的变化与发展，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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图书情报与数字图书馆

出版

chinese book

     Quality Control of Chinese Book Online-Catalogue Program of CALIS Member Library

     CALIS成员馆中文图书联机编目程序的质量控制

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     The law of Chinese book classification and how to do it well werepreliminarily studied in the paper.

     本文对中文图书分类工作的规律,以及如何做好中文图书分类工作进行了初步探讨。

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     Chinese Book Acquisitioning Work of University Library in Network Environment

     网络环境下高校图书馆中文图书采访工作

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     Reforming the Mechanism Projecting the Advantage—— The New Exploration of Acquisition Patterns of Chinese Book

     改革机制 突显优势——中文图书采访模式新探索

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     Through the statistics of Chinese book procurement and circulating situation during the period of 2001 -2002,the author gives a synthetic analysis of whole Chinese book's collection level of Guangzhou Library.

     作者通过对广州图书馆2001-2002年间中文图书采购及外借情况的统计、比较,对全馆中 文书的藏书质量进行了综合分析。

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     The Changes and Developments of Chinese Book Propagation under the Background of Mass Cultural Consuming

     大众文化消费背景下我国图书传播的变化与发展

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     The influencing factors of supply in the book market such as production technology, production cost, learning curves and learning effects are discussed. Suggestions are put forward on the contradiction of supply and demand in Chinese book market.

     对图书市场供给中的影响因素,生产技术,生产成本,尤其是学习曲线,学习效应做了深入探讨,最后对我国图书市场供求矛盾提出了见解。

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     Using the Information asymmetry theory, this article analyzes the book market of China,and thinks that the information asymmetry is an important factor influencing Chinese book market development,and then proposes that the publishing houses should establish the machanism which can reduce the information asymmetry and make them more competitive.

     从经济学中的信息不对称理论看我国的图书市场,信息不对称是影响我国图书市场发展的一个重要因素,出版社应建立减少信息不对称的工作机制,增强竞争力。

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     Some issues on Chinese book marketing are becoming worse with the compe- tition intensifying and other reasons existing inside or outside the book industry.

     由于出版业竞争的加剧,以及出版业内部和外部的各种原因,我国图书营销中存在的一些问题越来越严重。

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     Study of Chinese Book Publication Almanac

     《中国图书年鉴》研究

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     Analysis of Chinese Book Destribution Modes From Perspective of Game Theory

     中国图书分销模式的博弈论分析

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     On the Standardization and Control of Indexing in Using the Keyword Glossary of Chinese Book Catalogue

     使用《中国图书分类主题词表》标引的规范与控制

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     According to the records in the historical materials and the statistical data,this paper introduces the losses of Chinese book cause in the period of the War of Resistance against Japan from two aspects of Japanese troops' unbridled plunder and the primary estimation of the losses of Chinese books.

     根据史料记载和统计数据,从日军对中国图书的疯狂掠夺和中国图书损失的初步估算两个方面介绍了抗战时期中国图书事业的损失情况。

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     This part analyzes the influences on Chinese book copyr

     这一部分从WTO为图书版权贸易带来的机遇和挑战分析了入世对中国图书版权贸易的影响，最后提出我国出版界的应对策略。

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     The Chinese Book of Capital Market

     资本市场的中国读本

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     The Influence of "Decoration Art Movement" in the 1920s and 1930s Upon Chinese Book Designing

     20世纪20、30年代“装饰艺术”运动对中国书籍装帧设计的影响

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     The Writers and the Art of Modern Chinese Book Design——The Review of Shuyibaiying

     文人与中国现代书籍装帧艺术——从《书衣百影》谈起

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     The e-commerce development brings advantages and also challenge to Chinese book industry process,especially after entering into WTO.

     电子商务的发展 ,给我国书业物流发展带来无限增殖的空间 ,同时也提出了严重的挑战 ,而且加入 WTO后书业物流问题已日益凸现 ,迫切需要解决。

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     Practice and thoughts on putting Chinese book classification code to the contents list of comprehensive scientific periodicals

     综合性科技学术期刊目次表标注中图分类号的实践与思考

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  chinese book

We are optimistic that all sectors of the Chinese book publishing and distribution will have a brighter future.

Khien is the first hexagram in the I Ching, or Chinese Book of Changes, also known as the Yi King.

A Chinese book on herbs, dated around 2700 BC lists over 300 plants with their medicinal uses.

An investigation on the fishing methods of lake Hung Hu was made by the auther in 1959.The fishing method of“san”is of special interest.In this paper some discussions on it’s history, (?)echnique and the cause of migration will be made;and the appreciation of this method will also be given. Ⅰ.History The said fishing method was mentioned in a Chinese book as early as 221 B.C.It is,of no doubt that our country was the first to us this method in fishhag,which has remained in application for thou- sands of...

An investigation on the fishing methods of lake Hung Hu was made by the auther in 1959.The fishing method of“san”is of special interest.In this paper some discussions on it’s history, (?)echnique and the cause of migration will be made;and the appreciation of this method will also be given. Ⅰ.History The said fishing method was mentioned in a Chinese book as early as 221 B.C.It is,of no doubt that our country was the first to us this method in fishhag,which has remained in application for thou- sands of years and still kept it’s features up to the present time. The method of“San”may often be classified into two types:natural and artificial.Changing with the different seasons,there are three forms of the natural“San”:Spring“San”,autumn“San”,and winter“San”. Ⅱ.Technique Here the artificial“San”,which is more complicated and important is to be introduced. The fishing—ground is chosen in late autumn or early winter at the inlet of the lake or at a sport with small current where many loppings of trees or bushes are put into the bottom of lake,which is usually named the“CENTER OF SAN”.Around the center bundles of herbaceous plants should be sank into the bottom of lake at certain distance,nearer the center than the outside.But in doing so,the bundles should not be set too thick,in order that the sunlight may shine upon the water. One month or more when the work mentioned above has been accomplished,bamboo palings, immerged two-thirds of half in water,are placed around the fishing-ground on a fine and sunny day. The placing of bamboo palings is an important part of the whole scheme;it requires both speed and close-setting.For this purpose,20-30 bamboo palings are placed on between deck of each boat,slant on the front but vertical behind.At least,three men are needed to control each boat:the first to drag pa- lings into water from the deck,the second to hammer them in the bottom of lake,and the third to roll the boat backwards,so as to much strength the first man and also to escape the blockade of the palings. Some wood-slices may used to joint the palings together.Choose a sintable sport between two palings,and 1-4 or more fish-pits are well-arranged.Later on,a sort of special hand-nets is used to fish out from the fish-pits.And then,the bundles of herbaceous plants may gradually be removed; the loppings of trees or bushes also gradually removed toward the center.Finally,the lopping at the center are removed by using 4 palings to separate the center into 5 parts.And then a casting-net or other nets are used to capture the fish. Ⅲ.Analysis of the cause for congregation of fish Alnumber of scientific workers have discussed the cause of the congregation of fish by the fishing method of“San”.There remain argument about the subject.Most of them believe that the con- gregation is dosely related to the temperature,the desolved oxygen and food besides in the water,as well as to the defence against the attachs from the enemy.The author agrees with this cpinion. According to the author’s opinion,however,the response of fish to lower temperature has shown in two different forms.Some fishes the winter-migrators for exalpale,at lower temperature,seek a habit at with higher temperature.Based upon the author’s observation,be found that the younger fish especially like to live at higher temperature equivalent to slightly above body temperature.Therefore,unless the take in too shallow(1-3 M),they do not enter the fishing-ground of“San”,but prefer to go to deeper water.Some other fishes adapt themselves to lower temperature by decreasing the metabolism of the body.Their activities,therefore,are limited with in a small area,where is plenty of food and desolved oxygen,and the temperature is always above the lowest limit of living,and it is also a safe environment for them to live in.The“San”fishing-ground is sufficient for this environment.As for the other fishes, they may come into the fishing-ground by man’s interference. Ⅳ.Appreciation of the Fishing Method of“SAN” So far as the author’s observation is concerned,the fishing method of“San”is a relatively better fishing method.It differs from other methods not only in tools but in fishing-ground.And it also gets a better catch,especially in those lakes with shallow water and thick vogetation.Beside,by making use of this method,we can protect the young fish.Judging from what has been mentioned above,the author regards“San”as a good method for fishing.For improvement the author offer some suggestions as follows: 1.The vegetation of nature“San”fishing-ground may be destroyed by 1own-mower or the plant cut down at certain intervals. 2.The simplification of“San”is the better than others,which are simplicites at tools and process of fishing,if so that use cormerant instead of men to drive fish,such a result is better of possibility. 3.Limit or decrease the application of spring and autumn“San”.For during those seasons,the fish will spawn on vegetation and become fat gradually,it is not proper to catch them,thus protecting the fish as well as having annual catches. 4.For the purpose of making“San”earlier in unfavourable seasons,control the water-loyal by. means of sluice-gate.

渔具渔法种类繁多,罧业渔法是我国淡水湖泊常见渔法之一。这种渔法在渔需物资、渔坊等条件与其它渔具不同,特别是在浅水多水草湖泊中捕鱼能起其它渔具所不能起的作用;不仅渔获量高,收益大,同时还具备诱大鱼的特点,有利于繁殖保护。然而关于罧业渔法尚未得到系统的整理。作者综合了白洋淀、梁子湖以及在洪湖实地调查的赘料,写成本报告。目的在总结我国罧业渔法经验,探讨罧雾(?)诱集鱼群的原因,并提供一些改进意见,希望在我国淡水渔捞业上起一点促进作用。我国是世界上最早用罧捕鱼的国家,记载首见于春秋战国时代,现在作法与古时记载基本相同。现这种渔法已沿用了一千多年了。罧业渔法依其作业的性质可分为生霖和熟霖两类:前者是用帘包围天然鱼群集聚区,除草缩小包围圈捕捉,而后者则是人造的。生罧依作业季节不同可分春罧、秋罧和冬罧。熟罧以适应水位和其它条件又有倒把式罧和简化罧的区别。生罧渔法适应于多水草的浅湖,熟罧则适应水草较少的湖泊。作业时除船外,主要用具为帘子(竹质最好),附属用具有长柄弯镰、通篙及抄纲。生罧、熟罧罧(?)条件虽有不同,但均要求底质低凹、富于淤泥,水深2—2.5米,位近港口或注水河道的迥水区,水色不过于混浊,有一定的水草(生罧则以多...

渔具渔法种类繁多,罧业渔法是我国淡水湖泊常见渔法之一。这种渔法在渔需物资、渔坊等条件与其它渔具不同,特别是在浅水多水草湖泊中捕鱼能起其它渔具所不能起的作用;不仅渔获量高,收益大,同时还具备诱大鱼的特点,有利于繁殖保护。然而关于罧业渔法尚未得到系统的整理。作者综合了白洋淀、梁子湖以及在洪湖实地调查的赘料,写成本报告。目的在总结我国罧业渔法经验,探讨罧雾(?)诱集鱼群的原因,并提供一些改进意见,希望在我国淡水渔捞业上起一点促进作用。我国是世界上最早用罧捕鱼的国家,记载首见于春秋战国时代,现在作法与古时记载基本相同。现这种渔法已沿用了一千多年了。罧业渔法依其作业的性质可分为生霖和熟霖两类:前者是用帘包围天然鱼群集聚区,除草缩小包围圈捕捉,而后者则是人造的。生罧依作业季节不同可分春罧、秋罧和冬罧。熟罧以适应水位和其它条件又有倒把式罧和简化罧的区别。生罧渔法适应于多水草的浅湖,熟罧则适应水草较少的湖泊。作业时除船外,主要用具为帘子(竹质最好),附属用具有长柄弯镰、通篙及抄纲。生罧、熟罧罧(?)条件虽有不同,但均要求底质低凹、富于淤泥,水深2—2.5米,位近港口或注水河道的迥水区,水色不过于混浊,有一定的水草(生罧则以多水草为主要条件),背风向阳,环境安静。罧(?)确定后,如生罧渔法,即用长柄弯镶除草,挖帘路下帘包围鱼群,以后则以分片除草下间帘的方式缩小范围,作法与下述熟罧基本一致.熟霖罧(?)确定后,先在罧(?)的中央投放一定数量的树枝和篙草做成罧心,围绕罧心等距离地插上些草把(岗柴或芦苇每4—10根一束),由里向外逐渐稀疏,罧(?)随告建成,经一段时间禁畜后,即可围帘起罧捕鱼。下帘的目的在包围隐蔽在罧(?)内的鱼群,为了防止鱼群受惊逃避,要求动作迅速。为达到此目的,帘子在船上安放的方式很为重要;通常每只船载20—30个帘子,当第一个帘子上船时就以折迭方式横置中仓,起初一折约1/2米宽,每折至船头方向时均向外逐渐放宽,务使帘子的边绿终止在船头方向。以后上船的帘子沿着先一个帘子的终点起以同一方式折迭,亦逐渐向船一头方向放宽.如是,全部帘子堆起来近船头一方呈斜坡形,近船尾方向的一边为垂直的。下帘时三人共船。其中两人站在船关,一人拉帘入水井扶直,另一人用木锤打稳,第三人则倒划着船走,这样既便于拉帘入水,又可避免竖起来的帘子所阻挡,加速下帘工作。两帘交界处要有复迭的边绿,以便利用木片联结。罧(?)被帘子包围后,通常要检查一遍,不妥处要予以修整。然后再选择适当的地方以旋箔的方式安装取鱼部(鱼溜)。并定期在其中用抄纲捕捞。缩小罧(?)有两种方式:一为沿着即将拆除帘子的一边割除水草(生罧)或移去草把(熟罧)至一定范围时,在近罧心的地方另下间帘,然后再拆除同边的帘子。另一为拆除同边的帘子并把它移向内方.除草或移草把时就起赶鱼的作用。有时为慎重起见还须结合船队用通篙击水赶鱼。特别是采用后一种方式时,赶鱼尤属重要。起罧下间帘、赶鱼必须遵循两个原则:1.早不移东,晚不移西。这是因为斜光映帘入水警戒着鱼群不敢外逃,早晨拆除东边帘子便会除去这个警戒线界,稍微不慎即可造成逃鱼缺口。晚不移西也是同样道理。2.赶鱼下间帘只能沿着一方前进,每天只能下1—2边,顶多也不超过3边,不能4边一齐进行。因为4边一齐进行鱼群没有停息的机会,往往会造成炸罧(注1)遇有炸罧情况发生时要采取相应措施(暂时的停止工作或修补帘子),防止逃鱼。当罧(?)缩得很小时,最后起鱼有两种方法:一种是从罧心赶鱼,使其进入取鱼部用抄网捕捉;另一种是除去罧心并下间帘把罧心分格,配合罩纲、挟纲从事捕捞。进行罧心分格的方式很多,通常是下四道帘子把罧心分成五格,称五花式。起鱼完毕后,倘在渔期,尚须重建罧(?)。如渔期已过,需要把帘子、草把等移至岸边并加保管。以备来年再用。罧(?)渔获物随设罧地区鱼类区系特点而异,同一地区常随设罧的季节而不同,鱼类之所以进入罧坊在于罧(?)内的某些条件或全部条件(水温、溶氧、饵科及其它)能满足鱼类的需要。春罧在一定程度上诱捕到沿岸水草丛中觅食和产卵的鱼类(白洋淀、大同湖),因之,鲤、(?)占很大比重,秋罧大都捕捉在浅水区觅食的鱼类。人的有意识的在罧区外开展其它渔具作业,也是鱼类进入罧(?)原因之一。依作者观察:鱼类对低温条件的反应有两种方式,并且是逐渐进行的。一种是随着低温条件的来临,鱼类游向温度较高的水域——通常是比较深的水域——并在那里渡过低温期。这是因为较深的水域水文学条件比较稳定的关系,既是有变化也不象浅水区那样骤烈;另一种方式是随着环境条件的变更以调节其代谢作用的过程,减少活动并增强其摄食量是这一适应的具体表现。鱼类以那一种方式渡过低温期,常受其栖居环境条件的影响。看来洪湖的鱼类是以后一种方式渡过为时很短的冬季。虽然罧区与其它水面具有几乎是相同的水温、溶解氧、pH 等条件,但铒料基础却显得丰富些。在其它诸条件相同时,饵料基础的增加,绣集某些鱼类的集中,已经为实践所证明。罧(?)中主要经济鱼类的幼鱼(体长20厘米以下的个体)较少,可能与幼鱼需要较高的温度条件有关.依据渔民的经验和一些不完整的调查资料(表2)来看,有迹象表明:在低温条件下较深水域中幼鱼较多。由于罧(?)水深在2—2.5米之间,因此在有深水条件存在时,可能罧(?)中幼鱼比较少。至于表中深浅水中大小鱼交叉的现象,可能与鱼类代谢作用有极大的伸缩性有关。罧业渔法经济效益较大(见表3)。已往因一次投资大、劳力多、应用不广。人民公社化为这一渔法的普遍应用提供了可能性。作为改进的意见有:1.生罧可以用间隔除草法,省劳力又可争取时间多捕鱼。如能用除草机更好。2.春罧主要捕捉那些即将到沿岸区水草丛中产卵的鱼类影响鱼群数量补充和年产量,可以少发展。3.简化罧(?)蓄禁期短,投资少,省劳力,作业期长,收益较大,可以多加提倡。4.在反常季节可以充分利用泄水闸控制水位,以便利设罧。非不得已不采用倒把式罧,据称其渔获量不如熟罧为高。

A preliminary prove was showed that the vegetable Tung Han-Tsai, the medicinal Tung-Kuei and the Kuei in ancient Chinese books are a homogenonous plant, which belongs to a member of mallow family, Malva verticillata L. The author suggests that Kuei-Tsai should be named in horticulture.

本文初步考证指出:我国古代蔬食、药用的葵是今日分类学及医药学上所绍的“冬葵”、栽培学上所谓的“冬寒菜”。说明葵菜在我国栽培历史的演变,种和变种以及栽培价值。

CL language is a problem-oriented programming language for computer composition of Chinese books and.newspapers. This paper describes the distinctive features of CL language and its compiler structure.Default interpretations are widely used in the language and special commands are included in the language to simplify the composition of various complex tables, hutomatic pagination is implemented in the system.

CL(Computer Laser的缩写)语言是用于中文书报排版的专用语言。本文介绍了CL语言的特点及其编译程序结构。CL编译程序具有自动换行、自动换页、处理表格等较强的功能,它的分层的模块结构给编制与调试这一大型程序带来方便。本文还简略地从用户观点介绍了经过软件改造后的计算机-激光汉字编辑排版系统。

  本文关键词：大众文化消费背景下我国图书传播的变化与发展，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。