网络环境下出版者专有出版权的法律保护

发布时间：2018-05-09 22:35

本文选题：网络环境 + 出版者　；参考：《西南财经大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：在历史长河中,出版者对人类文明的传承作出了重大贡献,是连接作者与读者的重要桥梁,出版者对繁荣我国的出版事业,促进社会主义精神文明建设和物质文明建设做出了巨大贡献。虽然作者因其作品的独创性所产生的权利才是著作权法中各项权利的源泉,但出版者在作品传播过程中付出了大量的资金和劳动,并承担了绝大部分商业风险,故对其出版的作品享有一系列权利也是顺理成章之事。出版者所享有的这些权利,亦应受到重视和保护,由此而产生的法律关系受著作权法的调整。专有出版权是出版者通过与著作权人签订出版某一作品的合同而享有的专有使用权。它是出版者经作者或版权所有人许可使用的版权出版权的独占许可使用权,是出版权中的一种特殊类型。出版业是一个投资大、风险高的行业,法律赋予出版者专有出版权,是对出版者的保护与鼓励,其实质在于保护出版者的经济利益。著作权法是平衡和保护作者、出版者、知识消费者三方权益的准则和武器。我国现行《著作权法》是我国知识产权法律体系的重要组成部分,它涉及对作者即著作权人的法律保护和对作品的传播者即出版者的法律保护,二者不可偏废。《中华人民共和国著作权法》、《中华人民共和国著作权法实施细则》、《出版物市场管理规定》、《出版管理条理》等法律法规对出版者的设立、出版者专有出版权的保护等均作了相应的规定。对专有出版权,我国《著作权法》第二十九条规定,图书出版者出版图书应当和著作权人订立出版合同,并支付报酬。第三十条规定,图书出版者对著作权人交付出版的作品,按照合同约定享有的专有出版权受法律保护,他人不得出版该作品。另外,我国《著作权法实施条例》规定,图书出版合同中约定图书出版者享有专有出版权但没有明确其具体内容的,视为图书出版者享有在合同有效期限内和在合同约定的地域范围内以同种文字的原版、修订版出版图书的专有权利。随着社会和科技的发展,网络成为人们学习、生活和娱乐必不可少的一部分。网络技术的发展也催生了很多新的产业,作为文化产业中一个重要组成部分的出版业——网络出版业诞生了,传统意义上的出版观念与出版行为受到冲击,网络的全球性、开放性、交互性、虚拟性使出版者专有出版权也面临从未有过的困惑,从“榕树下”诉中国社会出版社侵权案到谷歌侵权案,对出版者专有出版权的保护与行使的案例呈不断上升和多样化趋势,都给我们提出,网络环境下如何确立和保护出版者的专有出版权的问题,而我国《著作权法》关于出版者权利之规定对出版者专有出版权的法律保护显然是不够的。本文拟从探讨我国出版者专有出版权法律规定入手,结合实际案例,进行相关的法律问题研究,在总结现有法律法规的基础上对出版者专有出版权的主体范围及管理、出版者专有出版权客体、内容等方面进行了探讨。认为,在网络环境下：(1)出版者专有出版权主体模糊。根据我国现有法律法规规定,出版单位包括报社、期刊社、图书出版社、音像出版社和电子出版物出版社等,自然人和非出版单位都不能成为出版者权利主体。随着网络的快速发展,出现了以互联网为载体的出版形式,我国《互联网出版管理暂行规定》将网络出版的主体规定为经新闻出版行政部门和电信管理机构批准,从事互联网出版业务的互联网信息服务提供者即互联网出版机构。可以看出,我国对网络出版的主体沿用了审批制度,但《互联网出版管理暂行规定》显得粗泛而缺乏可操作性,互联网出版机构就其性质而言,更多的仍像是合法的商业实体,同经过重重审查后才得以成立的出版单位有着很大的区别,其所享有的权利和应承担的义务也相差甚远,专有出版权主体在网络环境下显得模糊不清。(2)出版者专有出版权客体模糊。出版社通过对图书的出版,通过合同约定的形式享有著作权人授予的图书专有出版权,即由于图书专有出版权的行使带来的经济利益。这是对出版社在传播图书时进行投入的回报,是图书形成商品产生利益在一定时间、地域内,在著作权人和出版者之间的利益分配与平衡,他人要经过出版者和著作权人双方的同意才能出版这类版本。在这里,出版者权的客体表现为出版者所出版的图书,其客体所搭乘的载体都是有形的。网络时代,E-book应运而生,其本身的版权问题引起了广泛的讨论,其作品也具有交叉性、多样性,这让专有出版权的客体变得愈加复杂而模糊。(3)出版者专有出版权内容规定模糊。专有出版权具有地域性、时间性、出版形式要素。我们说网络出版也是一种出版行为,网络出版出现以后,基于其全球性、开放性、交互性、虚拟性的特点,使专有出版权面临从未有过的困惑。网络环境下,电子图书出现并迅速发展,对专有出版权的内涵和归属问题也产生了争议,包括：①已出版图书因数字化(即有平面载体的图书)而产生的e-book专有出版权问题；②没有平面载体的、纯粹的电子图书(在我国目前,严格说来称之为作品更合适)的专有出版权问题。(4)出版者专有出版权法律缺位,包括：授权方式不明确,侵权认定不合理,对侵犯专有出版权的行为未规定法定赔偿额等。笔者通过比较域外关于网络环境下出版者专有出版权的规定,提出在网络环境下：(1)出版者主体范围应进一步明确和规范,以搭建合理的出版平台,进一步改善目前我国知识产权保护略显混乱的状况；(2)在网络环境下,充分考虑各方利益,分别对传统出版者、网络出版者的专有出版权给予相应的设定和保护,将传统出版者与网络出版者的专有出版权分离开来,权利人在授权出版作品的时候,在合同中明确规定其授权的载体类型。合同中未作出明确规定的,则视为未授权。这样,也让网络环境下专有出版权问题变得相对简单和便于管理,从而更有效地保护作者、出版者和读者的权益,促进网络出版与传统出版业的共同发展。(3)构建新型版权授权模式,借鉴“授权要约”的方式进行出版,充分保护作者和出版者的权利,促进作品的传播。在图书中包含权利人版权声明,权利人在自愿的基础上以要约方式规定公众能以何种条件、何种方式使用本作品,任何个人或机构只要愿意接受该条件即可自动达成与权利人的合同关系,根据该合同获得权利人授权,并按照约定的方式合法使用本作品。这一方式使出版者与权利人之间不必一对一地洽谈,极大地降低了交易成本,有效解决了传统版权交易模式高成本的问题。在网络环境下,更便于使用者与作者之间达成协议,平衡了传统纸质出版商与网络公司之间的利益又方便作品更广泛地传播。(4)结合我国出版业的实际情况及网络发展趋势,呼吁立法者完善侵权认定标准,补充出版物实质侵害认定原则,准确合理地认定侵犯出版者专有出版权的行为。(5)进一步细化侵权赔偿制度,增加侵权法定赔偿制度,切实保护出版者专有出版权,在侵权人因侵权的获利额与被侵权人的实际损失额无从计算时仍能获得相应的保护,改变权利人因最终获得的侵权损害赔偿偏低甚至得不偿失的状况,从而提高出版者维权的积极性,有效遏制在网络环境下愈演愈烈的侵权行为。通过探讨,希望能够更好地为作者与读者搭建平台,以求在网络环境下,既保障出版者的利益、保障作者的财产和人身权益,又使社会公众从作品中受益。
[Abstract]:In the history of history, the publisher has made a great contribution to the inheritance of human civilization. It is an important bridge to connect the author and the reader. The publisher has made great contributions to the prosperity of China's publishing, the promotion of socialist spiritual civilization and the construction of material civilization.
Although the author's right is the source of various rights in the copyright law, the publisher has paid a great deal of money and labor in the process of spreading the work, and has undertaken most of the commercial risks. Therefore, the publishers enjoy a series of rights, which publishers enjoy. Some rights should also be attached to and protected, and the legal relations arising therefrom are regulated by the copyright law. Exclusive copyright is the exclusive right to use the copyright of a publisher by signing a contract with the copyright owner. It is the exclusive right to use copyright by the publisher by the copyright owner or the copyright owner. The publishing industry is a special type of publishing right. The publishing industry is an industry with high investment and high risk. The law gives publishers the exclusive rights of copyright. It is the protection and encouragement to publishers. The essence of this is to protect the publishers' economic interests.
Copyright law is the criterion and weapon to balance and protect the rights and interests of the three party of the author, publisher and knowledge consumer. The current copyright law of China is an important part of the legal system of intellectual property rights in China. It involves the legal protection of the author, the copyright owner, and the legal protection of the publisher of the publisher. < < The copyright law of the people's Republic of China, the rules for the implementation of the copyright law of the People's Republic of China, the regulations on the management of publications, the regulations of the publication management, and other laws and regulations on the establishment of publishers and the protection of copyright for publishers. For the exclusive copyright, the copyright law of China has twenty-ninth provisions, and the books are out of the book. The publication book of the publisher shall enter into a publishing contract with the copyright owner and pay the remuneration. The thirtieth article stipulates that the publisher of the book publisher delivers the published works to the copyright owner, and the exclusive publishing right under the contract is protected by law. Others may not publish the work. In addition, China's copyright law enforcement regulations stipulate that the book publishing contract is stipulated in the book publishing contract. It is considered that the publisher of a book publisher has the exclusive right to publish books in the same term within the term of validity of the contract and within the geographical scope stipulated in the contract.
With the development of society and science and technology, the network has become an indispensable part of people's learning, life and entertainment. The development of network technology has also produced a lot of new industries. As an important part of the cultural industry, the publishing industry is born, and the traditional meaning of the concept of publishing and publishing is impacted. The global, open, interactivity and virtual nature of the collaterals make the publisher's exclusive publishing right face the confusion. From the "fig tree" to the infringement case of the Chinese social press to the Google infringement case, the case of the copyright protection and exercise of the publishers' exclusive rights is rising and diversifying, which are given to us in the network environment, such as How to establish and protect the copyright of publishers, and the copyright law of our country is obviously not enough to protect the publisher's exclusive copyright.
This paper, starting with the study of the copyright law of the publishers of our country, combines with the actual cases, studies the relevant legal issues. On the basis of summarizing the existing laws and regulations, the author discusses the subject scope and management of the publisher's exclusive copyright, the object of publisher's exclusive publishing right, and the internal capacity, and thinks that it is under the network environment. (1) the publisher's exclusive copyright subject is blurred. According to the existing laws and regulations of our country, the publishing units include newspapers, periodicals, books and publishing houses, audio and video publishing houses and electronic publications publishing houses. Both natural and non publishing units can not be the rights subject of publishers. With the rapid development of the network, the Internet is the carrier. In the form of publication, the Provisional Regulations on Internet publishing management in China stipulate the subject of the Internet publishing as the provider of Internet information services that are engaged in the Internet publishing business, approved by the administrative departments of the press and publishing and the telecommunications management agencies, and the Internet publishing institutions. The Interim Regulations of the Internet publishing management are rough and lack of maneuverability. In terms of their nature, the Internet publishers are still more like legal commercial entities, which are very different from the publishing units that have been set up after a lot of censorship. The rights of the Internet publishing institutions are very different from the obligations they should undertake. The subject is blurred under the network environment. (2) the publisher's exclusive publishing right is blurred. By publishing the books, the publishers enjoy the exclusive copyright of the books granted by the copyright owners through the contract agreement, that is, the economic benefits brought by the exercise of the exclusive copyright of the books. The return of the entry is the distribution and balance of interests between the copyright and the publisher in a certain time, in the region, and by the publisher and the copyright owner to publish this kind of version. Here, the object of the publisher's object is the book published by the publisher and the object of the publication. All the carriers are tangible. In the era of network, E-book came into being. Its copyright issue has been widely discussed, and its works also have intersecting and diversity, which makes the exclusive copyright object become more complex and fuzzy. (3) the publisher's exclusive copyright content is defined. The exclusive publishing right has regional, temporal, and publishing forms. We say that network publishing is also a kind of publishing behavior. After the emergence of network publishing, based on its global, open, interactive and virtual characteristics, the exclusive publishing right has never been puzzled. The emergence and rapid development of electronic books in the network environment have also been disputed, including the connotation and ownership of copyright. : (1) e-book exclusive copyright issues arising from digitization of books (that is, books with planar carriers); (2) exclusive copyright issues without a plane carrier, pure electronic books (in our country now, strictly speaking for works). (4) the publisher's exclusive copyright law is absent, including: the way of authorization is not clear. The infringement is not reasonable, and the legal compensation amount is not stipulated for the infringement of the exclusive copyright. By comparing the foreign publishers' exclusive copyright regulations under the network environment, the author puts forward in the network environment: (1) the publisher's subject scope should be further defined and standardized to build a reasonable Publishing platform and further improve the present I The protection of intellectual property rights in China is slightly confused; (2) under the network environment, the exclusive publishing rights of the traditional publishers and the network publishers are given and protected respectively in consideration of the interests of the parties, and the exclusive publishing rights of the traditional publishers and the publishers of the network are separated, and the rights holders are in the contract when they authorize the publication of the works. In the contract, the type of carrier is clearly defined. The unexplicitly stipulated in the contract is considered unauthorized. In this way, the copyright issues are relatively simple and easy to manage under the network environment, so as to protect the rights and interests of the authors, publishers and readers more effectively, and promote the common development of network publishing and traditional publishing. (3) Gou Jianxin The mode of copyright authorization is to be published in the way of "authorized offer", to fully protect the rights of the author and publisher and to promote the dissemination of the works. In the book, the rights holder's copyright declaration is included, and the right holder stipulates, on the basis of voluntariness, what conditions the public can use, and the way the work is used, any individual or institution only. In order to accept the condition, it can automatically reach the contractual relationship with the right holder, obtain the authorization by the right holder according to the contract, and legally use the work according to the agreed way. This way makes the publisher and the right holder do not have to negotiate one to one, greatly reduces the transaction cost and effectively solves the high cost of the traditional copyright trading model. In the network environment, it is easier to reach agreement between the user and the author, balance the interests between the traditional paper publisher and the network company and facilitate the wider dissemination of the works. (4) combining the actual situation of China's publishing industry and the development trend of the network, the legislator is appealed to perfect the tort identification standard and supplement the substantive infringement of the publication. Cognizance principle, accurate and reasonable cognizance of copyright infringement of publisher. (5) further refine the tort compensation system, increase the legal compensation system of tort, protect the publisher's exclusive copyright, and can still obtain corresponding protection and change right when the infringer is unable to calculate the amount of the infringer's profit and the actual loss of the infringed. The benefit of the Leiter is low or even in the case of the loss of compensation, which will improve the activist of the rights of the publisher and effectively curb the more and more torts in the network environment.
Through the discussion, we hope to build a better platform for the authors and readers in order to ensure the interests of the publishers, the property and the personal rights and interests of the authors in the network environment, and to benefit the public from the work.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D923.41

【参考文献】