《农政全书》的编辑特色研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:05

本文选题：农政全书 + 编撰背景　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：明清时期我国传统农业已发展至巅峰。农业作为衣食之源,是国计民生的基础,支撑着帝国的延续。农书编撰在明代呈现出鲜明的时代特征,不仅在数量上超越以前各个历史时期,且内容广博,涉及到农业生产活动的方方面面,对农业发展起到了重要的推动作用。明代中期以后,“经世致用”思潮风行,明末出现“西学东渐”高潮;“农本”思想得到进一步强化;以科举考试制度为特征的精英教育与民间大众教育紧密结合,促进了出版印刷业的繁荣;受儒家“经世致用”的熏陶和封建王朝重农思想的影响,士人群体成为明代农书的创作主体……共同构成了《农政全书》多元杂糅的编撰背景。《农政全书》的编辑特色是我国古代农业科学成就的集中体现。《农政全书》被后世称之为“农业百科全书”,编撰体系完善,从总论到分论,丰富的内容体现出了徐光启对传统农业体系的高度概括。平衡篇幅,卷设专名,科学谋篇,合理布局,图文并茂体现出了其编撰体系的先进性。徐光启“水利者,农之本也”的水利建设思想,“种有次第,顺天之时”的生态环境思想,“预弭为上,有备为中,赈济为下”的“荒政”思想,“富国必以本业”的“农本”思想为农业实践打下了坚实的理论基础。《农政全书》体现出徐光启有效的实践探索:从完善的水利流程和合理的用水管理两方面提出系统的水利建设方案;从屯垦、救荒、藏富于民三方面论述具体的“荒政”举措;明确了引进和推广先进农业技术的要求;描绘出了发展以生产要素循环再利用为核心的早期生态农业雏形。徐光启以杂采众家,兼出独见,精心梳理,合理归类,归纳总结,探索规律,实事求是,批判继承为核心的严谨求实的编辑方法,是我国农业史上的瑰宝。在明清时期,《农政全书》以抄本和刻印的形式流传于世;官员任职地域回避制度有利于开明的官员将农书带到任职地域,为自上而下的谕令式传播创造了条件;日常类书的辑入和口头传播、群体传播成为《农政全书》在国内的主要传播途径。随着西学东渐的繁荣和兴盛,中外政治文化交流更加深入,《农政全书》随即被传播到了日本、朝鲜和欧洲诸国,扩大了中华农业文明在世界范围内的影响。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, China's traditional agriculture reached its peak. Agriculture, as the source of food and clothing, is the foundation of the national economy and people's livelihood, supporting the continuation of the empire. The compilation of agricultural books in Ming Dynasty presented distinct characteristics of the times, not only exceeded the previous historical periods in quantity, but also contained a wide range of contents, which involved in all aspects of agricultural production activities, and played an important role in promoting the development of agriculture. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the trend of thought of "applying the world to the world" became popular, and at the end of the Ming Dynasty, there appeared a climax of "Western learning to the east"; the thought of "peasant based" was further strengthened; the elite education characterized by the imperial examination system was closely integrated with the education of the folk. It promoted the prosperity of the publishing and printing industry and was influenced by the Confucian influence of "applying the world to the world" and the feudal dynasty's thought of attaching importance to agriculture, and the scholar group became the main creative subject of the agricultural books in the Ming Dynasty. Together, the compilation background of "Agricultural political encyclopedia" is mixed. The editing feature of "Agricultural political encyclopedia" is the concentrated embodiment of our country's ancient agricultural scientific achievements. The "Agricultural Encyclopedia" is called "Agricultural Encyclopedia" by later generations, and the compilation system is perfect. From the general theory to the theory of division, the rich content reflects the Xu Guangqi's highly generalization of the traditional agricultural system. Balanced space, volume with proper name, scientific design, reasonable layout, pictures and texts reflect the advanced nature of its compilation system. Xu Guangqi's water conservancy construction thought of "water conservancy person, agriculture is the foundation", the ecological environment thought of "the kind has the second place, the time of the day", the "famine government" thought that "the advance is the first, the preparation is the middle, the relief is the next". The "agriculture-oriented" thought of "rich countries must take this industry" laid a solid theoretical foundation for agricultural practice. The "Agricultural Politics Book" embodies the effective practical exploration of Xu Guangqi: put forward from two aspects: perfect water conservancy process and reasonable water use management. The water conservancy construction plan of the system; This paper discusses the concrete measures of "famine policy" from three aspects of reclaiming, saving famine and storing wealth for the people, clarifies the requirements of introducing and popularizing advanced agricultural technology, and describes the embryonic form of early ecological agriculture with the core of recycling and reuse of production factors. Xu Guangqi is a treasure in the history of agriculture of our country, which is a rigorous and realistic editing method with the core of miscellaneous collection, unique opinions, meticulous combing, reasonable classification, summing up, exploring laws, seeking truth from facts and criticizing inheritance. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Agricultural political works was circulated in the world in the form of transcripts and engraving, and the system of avoidance of official posts was favorable for the enlightened officials to bring the agricultural books to the regions where they held office, thus creating conditions for the top-down oracles to be disseminated. The collection and oral dissemination of daily books, mass communication has become the main way of dissemination of the Agricultural political encyclopedia in China. With the prosperity and prosperity of western learning, the political and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries deepened, and the Agricultural Politics Book was spread to Japan, North Korea and European countries, expanding the influence of Chinese agricultural civilization in the world.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G239.29

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