从政治传播的视角看《东方杂志》的清末立宪宣传（1905.9-1911.5）

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:17

本文选题：政治传播 + 《东方杂志》　；参考：《安徽大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末,外患迭起,内忧深重,国家、民族徘徊在生死存亡的关头,《东方杂志》即在这种背景下诞生。虽然背后的出资方商务印书馆是一个商业组织,但是和清术众多的政论报刊一样,《东方杂志》的出资者及主持者亦对它寄予了言论救国的政治期望,且初期的主持者张元济、孟森等人又是坚定的立宪派,于是,这数年间,《东方杂志》一直不遗余力、不惜篇幅地鼓吹立宪。甚至有学者谓“《东方杂志》是期刊中宪政论之最具规模者”。那么,作为一份政治倾向鲜明的刊物,它是如何做立宪宣传的,本文将以政治传播理论为研究视角,从杂志所处的时代背景、主持人的政治经历、杂志内容等方面来做简要探讨。论文第一章首先梳理了政治传播的概念。虽然政治传播活动由来已久,但是到底何谓政治传播,至今学界仍无定论。笔者通过梳理国内外学者对政治传播的定义发现,虽然表述不同,但大体上学者们都认为政治传播即关涉政治的传播活动。因此,《东方杂志》在清末的立宪宣传完全可以视为一种政治传播活动,本文的研究也就有了学理的依据。此外,第一章还对《东方杂志》本身做了简单介绍,以便为后文的论述奠定基础。论文第二章从主持者及选报来源两个方面论述《东方杂志》的政治倾向,因为这两个方面直接影响着杂志在立宪宣传中的话语表达。对于传播者的研究是政治传播研究的一个重要方面,就本文所框定的时间段即1905.9—1911.5来说,主持者主要有张元济和孟森。作为把关人,张、孟二人的政治经历和立场必然会间接影响到杂志的话语表达。此外,创办初期,《东方杂志》为一份选报类刊物,那么,选择哪些报刊的文章也可从侧面反映其政治立场。论文第三章主要介绍了《东方杂志》所处的时代背景,政治传播学认为任何传播活动无不烙上时代的印迹,《东方杂志》的立宪宣传亦不例外。本章从四个方面：政治、经济、思想、媒介环境来剖析时代与《东方杂志》的关系。政治上遭逢千年未有之变局,上至统治者,下至士人百姓都在思变,专制制度已行将就木；经济上西方列强的侵略逐步深入,中国传统的自然经济渐趋解体；思想上民主共和与君主立宪激烈较量；媒介环境上新闻自由思想萌芽,清末新闻法制起步。论文第四章为文本分析。本文选取了在1905年9月至1911年5月期间出版的《东方杂志》作为文本研究对象,即从二卷八期至八卷三期,共计70期。确切地说,选取了其中的165篇文章。具体而言,本文从为何立宪、如何立宪、官制改革、教育、地方自治等方面来考察《东方杂志》的清末立宪宣传。在晚清政府崩溃的前夕,君主立宪是风行一时的社会思潮,《东方杂志》作为一份政论性刊物在宣扬立宪方面产生了广泛的影响,从政治传播的角度考察《东方杂志》的立宪言论,或有一定的学术意义。
[Abstract]:At the end of Qing Dynasty, foreign troubles occurred repeatedly, and the country and nation lingered at the juncture of life and death. Orient magazine was born under this background. Although the backer of the business press is a commercial organization, like the numerous political commentaries in Qing Dynasty, the sponsors and moderators of Oriental Magazine have also placed political expectations on it to save the country, and Zhang Yuanji, the initial moderator. Mencius and others are staunch constitutionalists, so Eastern Magazine has been sparing no effort in advocating constitutionalism for years. Some scholars even say that "Oriental Magazine" is the largest constitutional theory in the journal. Well, as a publication with a clear political orientation, how does it do the publicity of constitutionalism? this paper will take the theory of political communication as a research angle, from the background of the times in which the magazine is located, and from the host's political experience. Do a brief discussion on the contents of magazines and so on. The first chapter combs the concept of political communication. Although the activities of political communication have a long history, there is still no conclusion as to what political communication is. By combing the definition of political communication at home and abroad, the author finds that although the expression is different, on the whole, scholars think that political communication is related to political communication activities. Therefore, the publication of the Eastern Journal in the late Qing Dynasty can be regarded as a kind of political communication activity, and the research of this paper has a theoretical basis. In addition, the first chapter also gives a brief introduction to Oriental Magazine itself in order to lay a foundation for the later discussion. The second chapter discusses the political tendency of Orient Magazine from two aspects: the moderator and the source of newspaper selection, because these two aspects directly affect the discourse expression of the magazine in the publicity of constitutionalism. The study of communicators is an important aspect of the study of political communication. As far as the time period defined in this paper is 1905.9-1911.5, the main hosts are Zhang Yuanji and Munson. As a gatekeeper, Zhang and Meng's political experience and position will indirectly affect the magazine's discourse. In addition, at the beginning of its establishment, Orient magazine was a newspaper selection publication, so choosing which newspaper articles could also reflect its political position from the side. The third chapter mainly introduces the background of the oriental magazine. The political communication theory holds that any communication activities are branded with the imprint of the times, and the constitutional propaganda of Orient magazine is no exception. This chapter analyzes the relationship between the times and Oriental magazine from four aspects: politics, economy, thought and media environment. In politics, there has been no change in the past thousand years, from the rulers to the people, the autocratic system is on the verge of death, the invasion of the Western powers has gradually deepened, and the traditional natural economy of China has gradually disintegrated. In ideology, democratic republic and constitutional monarchy compete intensely; in media environment, the idea of freedom of the press sprout, and the legal system of news started in the late Qing Dynasty. Chapter four is text analysis. This paper selects Orient Magazine published between September 1905 and May 1911 as the object of study, that is, from two volumes eight to eight volumes three issues, a total of 70 issues. To be exact, 165 articles were selected. Specifically, this paper examines the publication of the Eastern Journal in the late Qing Dynasty from the aspects of why, how, the government system reform, education, local autonomy and so on. On the eve of the collapse of the government in the late Qing Dynasty, constitutional monarchy was a popular social trend of thought. As a political journal, Oriental magazine had a wide influence in publicizing constitutionalism. It may be of academic significance to investigate the constitutionalism of Oriental Journal from the angle of political communication.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257;G239.29

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