从改写理论看杨宪益与《中国文学》杂志

发布时间：2018-06-01 01:34

本文选题：杨宪益 + 《中国文学》英文版　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以翻译家杨宪益和《中国文学》杂志(英文版)为研究对象,将其纳入具体的社会背景,从源语文化系统诸因素,如诗学、赞助人和意识形态等角度来描述翻译活动的性质。对外译介项目如《中国文学》杂志并不仅仅是将源语翻译成日的语的过程,更是一种文化交流。《中国文学》杂志是唯一一份面向外国的官方文学杂志。从其创刊开始,它就一直受外文出版社辖制。杨宪益是一名杰出的翻译家,他为这家官方杂志工作了近半个世纪。1976年他是该杂志的执行编辑,直到1987年他历任执行主编、副主编、主编和顾问。在他任职期间,他的身份几经变更,从主要译者到专业人士到赞助人。勒菲弗尔认为,翻译家、评论家以及教师都是在文学系统内部起作用的专业人士。杨宪益正是这样一位专业人士和赞助人,他的翻译活动正是一种改写,使其作品符合社会主流意识形态和诗学。本文以勒菲弗尔的改写理论为理论基础,从三个时期来探讨杨宪益与《中国文学》杂志的长期合作关系,试图尽量详细的分析源语文化因素是如何影响杨宪益和《中国文学》杂志的翻译活动的。第一个时期是1951到1966年,如此设定第一个时期是因为《中国文学》杂志创刊于1951年,而1966年则见证着一场意义深远的运动的开始-文化大革命。这一时期,虽多种意识形态并存,然而马列主义毛泽东思想仍占主导地位,国际形势非常严峻,新中国采取了一边倒的外交政策。五六十年代的左倾政策、诗学以及《中国文学》杂志真正的赞助人--中央政府都在很大程度上影响其翻译选材。自创刊之日起,《中国文学》杂志就肩负着特殊的政治任务,取得其他国家的理解和支援,提升中国的国际形象,以创造更好的国内建设条件。此期间,杨宪益的翻译活动呈现两个特点。一是在翻译选材上受到极大的限制,尽管他已经尽量争取翻译他喜欢的题材。二是大跃进式的翻译,这是由当时的主流社会意识形态决定的。第二个时期是1966年到1976年,这是一个特殊的史无前例的文化停滞期。此期的翻译活动带有非常明显的政治色彩。文革期间的主流诗学不外乎共产主义和阶级斗争。毛主席的文艺方针是全国文艺界的指导方针和信条。杨宪益的官僚出身以及夫人戴乃迭的英国国籍问题导致这对夫妻不再受到共产党的信任,杨宪益在此期间,兢兢业业的从事本职工作,没有多少选择翻译题材的自由。尽管他大多从事他所喜爱的中国古典文学翻译,也翻译了一些他喜欢的作家,鲁迅的作品,前提是这些是与文革的主流意识形态和诗学相符的。文艺界在文革十年浩劫期间未能幸免,《中国文学》杂志艰难发行。最后一个时期是通常所称的新时期,1976年到1989年。1976年,四人帮倒台,文艺界焕发新生,尽管文革期间的极左思潮仍存于新时期伊始的一段时间。随着社会的快速发展,举国在短期内发生很大变化,翻译的译介对象不仅仅如以往只限于社会主义国家作品,文学翻译也不再需要趋从社会主流意识形态。此外,文学作品是否符合对外译介的标准,怎样评价译作都发生了变化,不再要求作品一定具有进步性和革命性。这一时期可谓是杨宪益的创作高峰期,在此期间他完成了大量译作并重版了一些以前的旧作。1979年他升任《中国文学》杂志副主编,第二年一代文豪茅盾去世,他则升任主编。在任《中国文学》杂志主编期间,他对《中国文学》杂志进行了大刀阔斧的改革。作为一名翻译家,专业人士以及赞助人,他拥有多重身份,为《中国文学》杂志和“熊猫丛书”做出了巨大贡献。1981年杨宪益提议出版一套“熊猫丛书”,向西方介绍优秀的中国文学。总的来说,他提议的“熊猫丛书”取得了很大的成绩。大量的中国古典作品以及现当代作品通过“熊猫丛书”译介到了一百五十多个国家,受到国外读者好评。其中,一些畅销作品重版多次。即使是时至今日,仍有不少读者缅怀这套丛书。根据上述分析,本文得出如下结论：其一,作为官方杂志,《中国文学》杂志在很大程度上受到多重源语文化因素的制约,如社会主流意识形态,真正的赞助人政府,专业人士和赞助人如杨宪益。其二,对外译介项目如《中国文学》杂志和“熊猫丛书”并不仅仅是将源语翻译成目的语的过程,更是一种文化交流。政府的对外宣传,如《中国文学》杂志和“熊猫丛书”不仅需要考虑源语文化因素也要关注译入语文化因素。其三,以杨宪益为代表的许多杰出翻译家,穷其一生致力于“东学西渐”,然而翻译活动并不是发生在真空环境的,而是产生于特定的社会环境。因此,我们有必要将翻译活动重置于当时的特定社会背景来进行分析。
[Abstract]:This paper, taking the translator Yang Xianyi and the Chinese literature magazine as a research object, incorporates it into a specific social background and describes the nature of the translation activities from the aspects of the source language culture system such as poetics, patrons and ideologies. Foreign translation projects such as Chinese literature are not only translated into the source language. The process of language is a kind of cultural communication.
Chinese literature magazine is the only official literary magazine facing foreign countries. Since its founding, it has been under the control of foreign language publishing houses.
Yang Xianyi was an outstanding translator who worked for this official magazine for nearly half a century in.1976, the executive editor of the magazine, until 1987 he was the executive editor, associate editor, editor, and consultant. During his tenure, his identity was changed, from major translators to professionals to patrons. Lefebvre believed that translation The family, the critic and the teacher are the professionals who work inside the literary system. Yang Xianyi is a professional and patron, and his translation is a rewriting to make his work conform to the mainstream ideology and Poetics of society.
This paper, taking the rewriting theory of Lefevere as the theoretical basis, explores the long-term cooperative relationship between Yang Xianyi and the Chinese literature from three periods, and tries to analyze how the cultural factors of the source language affect the translation activities of Yang Xianyi and the Chinese literature.
The first period was 1951 to 1966, and the first period was set in the first period because of the creation of the Chinese literature in 1951, and in 1966 it witnessed the beginning of a far-reaching movement - the cultural revolution. In this period, although many ideology coexisted, the Marxism Leninism Mao Zedong thought was still dominant, and the international situation was very severe. The new China has adopted a one-sided foreign policy.
The leftist policy of 50s and 60s, the poetics and the real patron of the Chinese literature, the central government, have greatly influenced their translation selection. Since the beginning of the publication, the Chinese literature has taken special political tasks, gained the understanding and support of other countries, promoted the international image of China, and created a better country. Internal construction conditions. During this period, Yang Xianyi's translation activities presented two characteristics. First, the translation selection was greatly restricted, although he had tried to translate his favorite subject matter. Two was the great leap forward translation, which was determined by the mainstream social ideology at that time.
The second period was from 1966 to 1976. This was a special historical period of cultural stagnation. The translation activities of this period were very political. The mainstream poetics during the Cultural Revolution were not out of communism and class struggle. Chairman Mao's literary policy was the guiding principle and creed of the national literary and art circles. Yang Xianyi's bureaucratic origin. And the question of Dai Naidie's British nationality led to the couple no longer trusted by the Communist Party. During this period, Yang Xianyi worked conscientiously and did not have much freedom to choose the subject of translation. Although he was mostly engaged in the translation of Chinese classical literature he loved, he also translated some of his favorite writers, Lu Xun's works. The premise is that these are in line with the mainstream ideology and Poetics of the cultural revolution. The literary and artistic circles were not exempt during the ten years of the cultural revolution and the Chinese literature was a difficult issue.
The last period is a new period commonly known. From 1976 to 1989.1976, the gang of four turned down and the literary and artistic circles were reborn. Although the polar Zuo Si tide during the Cultural Revolution remained at the beginning of the new period, with the rapid development of the society, the whole country changed a lot in the short term, and the translation and translation objects were not only limited to the society as used to be limited to the society. The literary translation does not need to follow the mainstream ideology of the society. In addition, whether the literary works conform to the standard of the foreign translation and how to evaluate the translated works have changed and no longer require the works to be progressive and revolutionary.
This period was the peak of Yang Xianyi's creation. During this period, he completed a large number of translations and published some former old works in.1979. He was promoted to the deputy editor of the Chinese literature. The second year old writer Mao Dun died and he was the editor in chief. During the period of the editor in the Chinese literature, he made a great sword to the Chinese literature. As a translator, professional and patron, he has multiple identities. He made a great contribution to the Chinese literature > magazine and the panda series. In.1981, Yang Xianyi proposed to publish a series of "panda series" to introduce excellent Chinese literature to the West. In general, his proposed "panda series" has made a great deal. Great achievements. A large number of Chinese classical works and modern and contemporary works are translated into more than 150 countries through the "panda series", which have been praised by foreign readers. Some of the best selling works are reprinted many times. Even today, many readers remember the series.
According to the above analysis, this article draws the following conclusions: first, as an official magazine, < Chinese literature > magazine is largely restricted by the cultural factors of multiple source language, such as the mainstream ideology of the society, the real patron government, the professional and the sponsors such as Yang Xianyi. Two, the foreign translation projects such as the Chinese literature magazine and the bear. "Cat Series" is not only a process of translating the source language into the target language, but also a cultural exchange. The government's external propaganda, such as the Chinese literature and the panda series, should not only consider the cultural factors of the source language, but also pay attention to the cultural factors of the target language. Thirdly, many outstanding translators represented by Yang Xianyi are devoted to their life. "East learning is coming to the west", however, translation activities do not occur in the vacuum environment, but are produced in a specific social environment. Therefore, it is necessary for us to put the translation activities in the specific social background of the time to be analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：I206.7;G239.2

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