孤儿作品利用的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 14:56

本文选题：孤儿作品 + 勤勉搜寻　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：孤儿作品是指在著作权保护期限内，作品权利人不明或者虽然权利人明确，但无法取得联系以洽商著作权授权利用事宜的作品。在无法获得合法授权的情况下，潜在使用者在面对此类作品时，只能选择放弃使用或者冒险侵权使用，而这都不利于孤儿作品的保护与传播。随着数字化技术的发展和商业模式的更新，美国、欧盟等国对孤儿作品的利用困境更是表示出极大的关注，并开始寻求立法和实践上的解决方案。相反，国内学者和相关产业界对孤儿作品问题还未给予足够的重视，立法上的规范仍是空白。尽管“孤儿作品”一词源于美国对此问题的讨论，我国并无这一术语，但孤儿作品在我国客观存在却是不争的事实。因此，对孤儿作品利用的法律问题进行研究具有重要的现实意义。文分为四个部分：第一章孤儿作品问题的概述。本章在对孤儿作品进行定义之后，确定了受利用的孤儿作品范围。本文认为，受利用的孤儿作品范围包括权利人明确但下落不明的作品，但仅限于已发表的作品。在对孤儿作品产生的原因进行深入分析后，指出版权信息不足及网络数字化的发展是孤儿作品产生的外在原因，而各国法律对著作权自动保护原则的接受则是孤儿作品产生的根本原因。此后，本章从直观的数据出发，，讨论了解决孤儿作品利用困境，推动孤儿作品公共获取的必要性。第二章分析我国著作权法视野下的孤儿作品现状，以厘清现行立法对孤儿作品利用规范的不足。基于孤儿作品在我国客观存在的事实，本章先明确了问题探讨的必要性。在对与孤儿作品相关的立法现状进行检讨后，提出“作者身份不明的作品”范围远小于孤儿作品，且现行规范所确立的行权规则存在着一定的缺陷，而“无权利义务承受人的作品”并不属于孤儿作品的范畴。本章还考察了此前实行过的著作权“报酬转递”机制，认为该机制也并不能解决孤儿作品的利用难题。第三章对国外及国内其他法域孤儿作品利用方案进行比较研究，明确各个利用方案的异同点，以期对我国孤儿作品利用模式的选择提供借鉴。各个方案均强调经过“合理勤勉”搜寻确定作品的“孤儿”状态是利用的前提，而对权利人进行合理补偿则是利用的经济条件。但是，各方案在具体的制度设计、立法模式上又存在差异。第四章我国孤儿作品利用模式的选择。在对孤儿作品的合法利用方式、利用原则以及其他考量因素进行分析后，本章结合前述国家和地区孤儿作品利用方案以及我国著作权管理的实际，提出我国孤儿作品利用的具体方案。本章建议除了现行合理使用和法定许可之外，还需引入孤儿作品的法定授权制度。
[Abstract]:An orphan work refers to a work in which the owner of a work is not known within the term of copyright protection or is unable to obtain contact to negotiate the issue of copyright authorization although the owner of the work is clear. In the absence of legal authorization, potential users can only choose to give up use or risk infringing when faced with such works, which is not conducive to the protection and dissemination of orphan works. With the development of digital technology and the renewal of business model, the United States, the European Union and other countries have shown great concern about the plight of the use of orphan works, and began to seek legislative and practical solutions. On the contrary, domestic scholars and related industries have not paid enough attention to the problem of orphans' works, and the legislative norms are still blank. Although the term "Orphan works" originates from the discussion of this issue in the United States and there is no such term in China, it is an indisputable fact that orphan works exist objectively in our country. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the legal problems in the utilization of orphans' works. The paper is divided into four parts: The first chapter is an overview of the problem of orphans' works. After defining the orphan works, this chapter determines the scope of the orphan works. This paper holds that the scope of the orphan works in use includes those whose rights are clear but whose whereabouts are unknown, but is limited to published works. After an in-depth analysis of the causes of orphans' works, it is pointed out that the lack of copyright information and the development of digital network are the external reasons for the generation of orphans' works. The acceptance of the principle of automatic copyright protection is the root cause of orphan works. From then on, this chapter discusses the necessity of solving the dilemma of using orphans' works and promoting the public acquisition of orphans' works from intuitionistic data. The second chapter analyzes the current situation of orphans' works in the field of copyright law in order to clarify the deficiency of the current legislation on the utilization of orphans' works. Based on the fact that orphan works exist objectively in China, this chapter first clarifies the necessity of discussion. After reviewing the current legislative situation related to orphan works, it is pointed out that the scope of "works of unknown author" is much smaller than that of orphan works, and there are some defects in the exercise rules established by the current norms. However, the works of people without rights and obligations do not belong to the category of orphans' works. This chapter also examines the prior copyright "reward transfer" mechanism, which can not solve the problem of orphans' work. The third chapter makes a comparative study on the utilization schemes of orphans' works in foreign countries and other jurisdictions in China, and makes clear the similarities and differences of the utilization schemes, in order to provide a reference for the choice of the utilization modes of the orphans' works in our country. Each scheme emphasizes that the condition of "orphan" is the precondition of utilization through "reasonable diligence" search, and the reasonable compensation to the right holder is the economic condition of utilization. However, there are differences in the specific system design and legislative model. The fourth chapter is about the choice of the utilization mode of orphans' works in China. After analyzing the ways, principles and other considerations of the lawful use of orphans' works, this chapter combines the utilization schemes of orphans' works in the aforementioned countries and regions and the actual situation of copyright management in our country. This paper puts forward the concrete scheme of the utilization of orphans' works in our country. In addition to the existing reasonable use and legal permission, this chapter suggests the introduction of statutory authorization system for orphan works.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.41

【引证文献】