数字图书馆版权授权模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 23:29

本文选题：数字图书馆 + 版权授权　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：数字图书馆总的来说是一种储存有“海量”信息的数据库，它是利用数字技术存储和处理各种图形和文字，从而打破传统图书馆的地域性，把世界各地的信息用数字化技术存储起来，以便于不同地域的使用者享用。通俗地说，数字图书馆就是一个无时间和地域限制的巨大的数据库。与传统意义上的图书馆相比，数字图书馆具有不同的特点和功能，在信息的存储和服务读者的方式上都有了新的突破和发展。数字图书馆彻底改变了人们获得和使用信息的方式，与传统图书馆相比，其优势在于，数字图书馆以网络化为背景，向使用者提供了比传统图书馆更快捷、更现代化和更方便的方式来获取信息，但是随着数字图书馆迅速发展，其面临的法律问题也日渐凸显。众所周知，数字图书馆是依靠数字技术对版权人的作品进行存储的，所以，数字图书馆首先面临的就是版权的授权问题，加之数字技术的快速和便捷的特点，决定了数字图书馆可在短时间内存储大量的作品，这样一来，如何在短时间内得到“海量”的版权的授权许可呢？很多数字图书馆出于本身的利益，，甚至冒着侵权的危险而直接使用版权人的作品。由此可见，数字图书馆的版权授权问题是亟待解决的问题，否则将会大大阻碍数字图书馆的建设和发展。目前，存在于我国的数字图书馆的版权授权模式大致有以下四种：一是直接授权模式，即数字图书馆直接与版权人取得联系，解决授权问题，显然，这种方式不仅耗费时间，还消耗了很多人力和财力；二是出版社或者期刊社代理授权模式，因为以上二者掌握了丰富的版权人的资源，他们与版权人有直接的联系，基于此，数字图书馆在寻找版权人有难度时会与出版社或出版社联系，而版权人则将版权授权交由他们处理，这种授权模式使版权授权的效率提升了，但是，这种方式也隐含了不少的法律问题，因为出版社和期刊社是分别和数字图书馆和洽谈的，这其中不免会有不公平和纠纷发生；三是通过著作权集体管理机构取得授权的模式，这种模式也可以大大地提高版权授权的数量和效率，且相对来讲成本较低，但是，由于我国目前的著作权集体管理组织的数量较少，且发展的并不完善，所以影响范围并没有国外的著作权集体管理组织那样大，加之其是以会员制登记进行管理的，在我国覆盖面并不是很广；四是版权的授权要约模式，即著作权人在图书出版的同时以要约的方式，声明著作权人的权利和作品使用条件，而使用者并通过代理机构向著作权人支付报酬，使用者只需履行授权要约确定的条款就可直接使用著作的模式。这种模式避免了著作权人与作品的使用者一对一商谈的麻烦，从而使版权交易成本降低。版权授权要约模式对解决数字图书馆“海量”版权授权的问题起到了一定的作用，但是在版权人和出版社对这一方式认识不够明晰的情况下,单靠市场的推广可能还有一定的难度。不难看出，单靠目前我国现有的数字图书馆图书馆授权模式，很难解决当前的“海量”版权授权的困境。要想真正解决这一棘手的问题，还应该从著作权的制度上入手，即从著作权的限制手段即合理使用、法定许可和强制许可寻找合理的解决方案，同时对现有的授权模式进行合理的改进和完善，从而为数字图书馆版权授权寻找到更快捷、更合理的授权模式。本文本着知识产权的利益平衡的精神，以权利人的版权保护兼顾公共利益和与国际版权公约相一致的原则，在不损害版权人的合法的利益的前提下，提出了对解决数字图书馆版权授权问题的一点设想：适当扩大合理使用和法定许可的范围，减少著作权利用的障碍；完善版权集体管理组织的职能，提高数字图书馆版权授权的效率；引入版权的默示许可制度，增加数字图书馆版权授权的模式以及将版权补偿金制度运用于数字图书馆，减轻数字图书馆版权“海量授权”的压力，希望用以上的措施来解决目前数字图书馆版权授权所面临的困境。
[Abstract]:The digital library is a kind of database that stores "massive" information. It uses digital technology to store and deal with various graphics and characters, thus breaking the regional character of traditional library, storing the information from all over the world with digital technology so as to make it easy for users in different regions to enjoy. The library is a huge database with no time and geographical restrictions.
Compared with the traditional library, digital library has different characteristics and functions. It has new breakthroughs and development in the way of storing information and serving readers. Digital library has completely changed the way people get and use information. It is compared with traditional library. The advantage of digital library is that digital library is networked as a network. Background, it provides users with faster, more modern and more convenient ways to obtain information than traditional libraries. However, with the rapid development of digital libraries, the legal problems they face are becoming increasingly prominent. As we all know, digital libraries are relying on digital technology to store copyrighted works, so the digital library is the first one. The issue of copyright authorization, coupled with the rapid and convenient characteristics of digital technology, determines that a digital library can store a large number of works in a short period of time. In this way, how to license the "massive" copyright in a short time? Many digital libraries are in the interest of their own and even risk the danger of infringement. It can be seen that the copyright authorization of the digital library is a problem to be solved urgently. Otherwise, the construction and development of the digital library will be greatly hindered.
At present, there are four modes of copyright authorization in Digital Libraries in China: one is direct authorization model, that is, the digital library directly contacts with the copyright holders and solves the authorization problem. Obviously, this way not only takes time, but also consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources; two is the agency authorization model of the publishing house or the periodical agency. Since the above two have a wealth of copyright owners, they have a direct connection with the copyright owners. Based on this, the digital library will contact the publishers or publishers when it is difficult to find the copyright owners, and the copyright owners will handle the copyright authorization to them. This kind of authorizing mode improves the efficiency of copyright authorization, however, this kind of authorization is improved. The way also has many legal problems, because the publishing house and the periodical press are separately and digital libraries and negotiated, which can not avoid unfair and dispute. Three is the mode of authorization by the copyright collective management organization, this model can also greatly raise the number and efficiency of the copyright authorization, and relatively speaking. The cost is low, however, because the number of our current copyright collective management organizations is less, and the development is not perfect, so the scope of influence is not as large as the foreign copyright collective management organization, and its membership system is managed by the membership system, the coverage in China is not very wide; four is the mode of authorization of copyright. At the same time, the copyright owner declares the rights of the copyright owner and the conditions for the use of the work at the same time in the form of an offer, and the user pays the remuneration to the copyright owner through the agency. The user can use the mode of the book directly by the terms of the authorized offer. This mode avoids the copyright owners and the works. The problem of one to one negotiation makes the cost of copyright transaction lower. The model of copyright authorization plays a certain role in solving the problem of "massive" copyright authorization in the digital library, but it may be difficult to promote the market only when the copyright owners and publishing houses are not clear enough on this way.
It is not difficult to see that it is difficult to solve the plight of the current "massive" copyright authorization alone by the current digital library library authorization mode in our country. To really solve this difficult problem, we should start with the system of copyright, that is, from the means of copyright restriction, that is, reasonable use, legal license and compulsory license to find reasonable. At the same time, the existing authorization mode is improved and perfected reasonably, so as to find a faster and more reasonable authorization model for the copyright authorization of the digital library.
This text, with the spirit of balancing the interests of intellectual property, takes the copyright protection of the right holder into consideration of the public interests and the principle that is consistent with the international copyright convention. On the premise of not damaging the legitimate interests of the copyright owners, this text puts forward a tentative idea to solve the copyright authorization problem of the Digital Library: appropriate expansion of reasonable use and statutory license. To reduce the barriers to the use of copyright, improve the functions of the copyright collective management organization, improve the efficiency of the copyright authorization of the digital library, introduce the implied license system of copyright, increase the mode of copyright authorization in the digital library, and apply the copyright compensation system to the digital library, so as to lighten the "mass teaching" of the copyright of the digital library. The pressure of "power" wants to solve the difficulties faced by the current digital library copyright authorization by using the above measures.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G250.76;D923.41

【参考文献】