孤儿作品的著作权保护和利用研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 01:58

本文选题：孤儿作品 + 保护和利用　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会发展中的新现象往往会对已有社会制度提出新的挑战，孤儿作品正是如此。孤儿作品的出现，已对世界范围内版权制度提出了新的挑战。随着著作权自动保护原则的普遍采用、作品保护期限的一再延长、知识产权保护力度的提升、数字技术爆炸式的发展等，无法联系到著作权人的情形越来越多，便产生了孤儿作品问题。在无法获得著作权人授权的情况下，使用者面临着重重的法律风险，并会随着各国知识产权保护水平的提升而递增。面对这一现实问题，美国、欧盟等国家都相继提出了各种方案和法案，在立法上已取得突破，欧盟已于2011年通过《孤儿作品使用许可法令》。虽然孤儿作品的讨论肇始于欧美国家，但该问题在中国同样存在，在某些领域十分严峻。随着我国知识产权保护力度的逐渐提升，这一问题的重要性也会逐渐显现。因此，对于孤儿作品的著作权保护和利用研究，，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文介绍了孤儿作品的产生背景、原因以及与相关作品的区别，指出了孤儿作品问题的本质，强调了我国解决孤儿作品问题的迫切性，在对美国、欧盟、加拿大、日本各国解决策略比较研究的前提下，分析了我国现有著作权制度在解决孤儿作品问题时的不足，并提出了我国孤儿作品著作权保护和利用的对策，即建立我国著作权法上孤儿作品的使用制度。本文主要由四部分组成：第一部分对孤儿作品问题进行了理论概述，认为孤儿作品问题的核心在于无法联系到著作权人取得授权，并与公共领域作品相交叉，其问题产生同版权制度本身和版权制度之外的社会原因息息相关，指出了孤儿作品问题的实质，并强调了我国孤儿作品问题的迫切性，最后论述了孤儿作品同我国法律上相关作品的区别。第二部分比较研究了美国、欧盟、加拿大、日本等国家对于孤儿作品的解决对策及最新立法，分析了美国现有版权制度在解决孤儿作品问题时的优劣，着重解析了美国法案中的“合理勤勉搜寻”程序和欧盟2011年孤儿作品使用许可法令之中的机构许可使用制度和机构授权使用制度，最后介绍了日本和加拿大已有版权制度中的强制许可制度。第三部分分析了我国现有版权制度在解决孤儿作品问题时的不足，现有版权制度并未规定未发表孤儿作品的利用，也未规定强制使用许可制度，孤儿作品的法定许可直接面临着报酬支付等一系列问题。第四部分提出了我国孤儿作品著作权保护和利用的建议，即建立我国孤儿作品使用制度，其中包括孤儿作品的确定及其合理使用制度、法定许可使用制度、强制许可使用制度、区域协调制度以及相关配套制度等。希望本文能对我国著作权法的第三次修改提供些许建议。
[Abstract]:New phenomena in social development often pose new challenges to existing social systems, such as orphans' works. The emergence of orphaned works has posed a new challenge to the copyright system worldwide. With the widespread adoption of the principle of automatic copyright protection, the extension of the term of protection of works, the enhancement of the protection of intellectual property rights and the explosive development of digital technology, there are more and more cases in which copyright owners cannot be contacted. The problem of orphaned works arises. Under the condition that the copyright owner can not obtain the license, the users are faced with a lot of legal risks, and will increase with the improvement of intellectual property protection level in various countries. In the face of this practical problem, the United States, the European Union and other countries have put forward a variety of programs and bills, and have made a breakthrough in legislation. In 2011, the European Union has passed the "Orphan works permit Act". Although the discussion of orphans originated in Europe and America, the problem also exists in China and is very serious in some fields. With the gradual improvement of intellectual property protection in China, the importance of this issue will gradually appear. Therefore, the study of copyright protection and utilization of orphan works has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper introduces the background, causes and differences between orphan works and related works, points out the nature of the problem of orphans' works, and emphasizes the urgency of solving the problems of orphans' works in the United States, the European Union, Canada, the United States of America, the European Union, Canada, the United States of America, the European Union and Canada. Based on the comparative study of solving strategies in various countries in Japan, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the existing copyright system in solving the problem of orphans' works, and puts forward some countermeasures for the protection and utilization of the copyright of orphans' works in China. That is, the establishment of copyright law on the use of orphan works system. This paper is mainly composed of four parts: the first part gives a theoretical overview of the problem of orphans' works, and holds that the core of the problem lies in the inability to contact the copyright owner to obtain authorization and intersect with the works in the public domain. Its problems are closely related to the copyright system itself and the social reasons outside the copyright system. It points out the essence of the problem of orphans' works and emphasizes the urgency of the problem of orphans' works in our country. Finally, it discusses the difference between the orphan works and the related works in our country. In the second part, the author makes a comparative study of the solutions and the latest legislation of orphans in the United States, the European Union, Canada and Japan, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing copyright system of the United States in solving the problem of orphans' works. Focusing on the "reasonable diligence search" procedure in the United States Act and the institutional licensing and institutional authorization systems in the EU 2011 Orphan works Licensing Act, Finally, the compulsory license system in the existing copyright system in Japan and Canada is introduced. The third part analyzes the shortcomings of the existing copyright system in solving the problem of orphan works. The existing copyright system does not provide for the use of unpublished orphan works, nor the compulsory licensing system. The legal permission of orphan works is directly faced with a series of problems such as payment of remuneration and so on. The fourth part puts forward some suggestions for the protection and utilization of the copyright of orphans' works in China, that is, to establish the system of the use of orphans' works in China, including the determination of orphans' works and their rational use system, the system of legal permission to use, and the system of compulsory licensing. Regional coordination system and related supporting systems. I hope this article can provide some suggestions for the third revision of copyright Law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.41

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