开明书店、“开明人”与“开明风”：中国现代知识分子与出版的一种关系

发布时间：2018-07-12 21:07

本文选题：开明书店 + 开明人　；参考：《华东师范大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 1915年,陈独秀与群益书社陈子沛、陈子寿兄弟签订合同,《青年杂志》(第2卷起更名为《新青年》)创刊。这一启蒙知识分子与出版商人各安其位、各取所需的合作,促成了新文化运动的兴起。但到了1920年陈独秀离开北京来到上海,开始写信与北京同人商议成立杂志社,独自运营《新青年》起,知识分子与出版商的联姻破裂,中国知识分子试图运用自己的力量立足出版业。在随后1925-1927年里,北新书局、光华书局、创造社出版部等的相继成立,以传播新文化为要务新书业迎来了黄金年代,得以与古旧书店、大书局鼎立于世。开明书店创办于1926年,最初只是一个关注妇女问题的杂志社,新书业大潮过后决策层立意转型,将青少年学生确立为出版社的主要目标,致力与其有关的教科书、课外读物、期刊的编辑发售。随着“开明书店”品牌的逐渐打响,进一步扩大营业范围至现代文学、古代典籍、翻译文学,开明书店增加资本成为股份有限公司,到了1930年代中期跻身民国五大书局之列,成为新书业的代表。1937年抗日战争爆发以后,开明书店主体内迁,在勉力出书之时,对于国民党的文化政策愈显不满,主事者与书店倾向开始左倾。1945年后,国民党在治理方面诸多失败举措,造成出版业陷入停滞,开明书店没能幸免。新中国成立后,开明书店成为了第一家申请公私合营的私营出版社,到了1953年4月与青年出版社合并组建为中国青年出版社。开明书店跌宕起伏的命运是与开明人休戚相关的。开明人由知识分子和出版商组成。前者是一群有基层教学经验的知识分子,他们负责出版社的自我定位和书籍编辑出版等,而后者主管营销。两者亲密无间的合作带来了开明书店的发展与壮大。开明人在不同时期对出版、对价值、对社会责任、对启蒙、对国家等诸多概念理解改变是出版社几经转变的根本原因所在。在这个意义上,“开明书店史”可以说是一部“出版人心史”。新中国成立后,开明人是在出版行政机关任职人数最多的党外出版人士,而对中国共产党现代建国理念的认同,促使他们真诚地希望自己和开明书店能融入到新的国家建设中去；另一方面内外出版环境发生了急剧变化,这些因素共同导致开明书店最终成为了一个历史名词。随后的岁月里开明人则遭遇到了各种始料不及的命运。开明书店是中国现代出版史无法复制的存在,它不仅反应了中国民营出版业的发展兴衰,其文人主政的特点更是为研究中国现代知识分子打开了另一扇窗口。在当下社会,思考开明书店的得与失,对面临新一轮改制的中国出版业应该有着深远的意义。
[Abstract]:In 1915, Chen Duxiu signed a contract with the Quyi Book Society Chen Zipei and the brothers Chen Zishou, which started publication of Youth Magazine (Volume 2 changed its name to "New Youth"). The cooperation between the intellectual and the publisher contributed to the rise of the New Culture Movement. But by 1920, when Chen Duxiu left Beijing and came to Shanghai, he began to write letters and discuss with Beijing about setting up a magazine to run the New Youth alone, and the marriage between intellectuals and publishers broke down. Chinese intellectuals try to use their own strength to base themselves on the publishing industry. In 1925-1927, Beixin Bookstore, Guanghua Bookstore, Creative Society and Publishing Department were established one after another, and the new book industry ushered in a golden age in order to spread new culture. Founded in 1926, it was originally a magazine that focused on women's issues. After the tide of new book industry, the decision makers decided to change their minds. They set young students as the main goal of the publishing house and devoted themselves to the textbooks and extracurricular reading materials related to them. The editorial sale of a journal. With the gradual emergence of the brand of "enlightened bookstore", it further expanded its scope of business to modern literature, ancient classics, translation literature, and enlightened bookstores to increase capital to become a joint stock limited company, and by the mid-1930s it became one of the five major bookstores in the Republic of China. After the War of Resistance against Japan broke out in 1937, the main body of enlightened bookstores moved internally, and when they were struggling to publish books, they became more and more dissatisfied with the Kuomintang's cultural policies, and the directors and bookstores tended to turn left. After 1945, KMT failed in governance, causing the publishing industry to stagnate, enlightened bookstores did not escape. After the founding of New China, enlightened bookstore became the first private publishing house to apply for public-private joint venture. In April 1953, it merged with Youth Publishing House to form China Youth Publishing House. The ups and downs of enlightened bookstores are closely related to enlightened people. The enlightened were made up of intellectuals and publishers. The former is a group of intellectuals with grassroots teaching experience, who are responsible for publishing house self-orientation and book editing and publishing, while the latter is in charge of marketing. The close cooperation between the two has brought about the development and expansion of enlightened bookstores. In different periods, the fundamental reason of the publishing house's change is that the enlightened people understand the publishing, the value, the social responsibility, the enlightenment, the country and so on. In this sense, the History of enlightened bookstores can be said to be a history of the mind of the publisher. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the enlightened people were the non-party publishers who held the largest number of posts in the publishing administration, and they recognized the modern concept of the founding of the Communist Party of China. On the other hand, the internal and external publishing environment has changed dramatically, these factors have led to the enlightened bookstore finally become a historical term. In the years that followed, enlightened people encountered unexpected fates. Enlightened bookshop is the existence of Chinese modern publishing history which can not be duplicated. It not only reflects the rise and fall of China's private publishing industry, but also opens another window for the study of Chinese modern intellectuals. In the present society, thinking about the gains and losses of enlightened bookstores should be of profound significance to the Chinese publishing industry facing a new round of restructuring.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G239.23

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