《中国国家地理》研究（1950-2013）

发布时间：2018-08-14 15:19

【摘要】：《中国国家地理》作为科学传播的一个标志性范本，在创刊60余年的媒介实践中，历经了从重“信息”、轻“互动”的教导公众式的“科普杂志”到强调互动模型、“知”和“质疑”并举的“科学传媒”的演变与递嬗，在传播上凸显“求真求实”的科学精神，在文化上着意于全方位自塑国家形象与打造国家名片，在效果上实现了视觉满足与深度阅读的对接，成为国民想象国家、民族、文化身份的重要载体，体现了“国家级大刊”深切的人文关怀。基于当前学界对《中国国家地理》杂志的研究还停留在业务论、经验论、视觉论等单向维度的阶段，本文以《中国国家地理》杂志自1950年创刊以来到2013年的全部期刊为研究对象，重点运用媒介地理学、经济学、传播学、视觉文化学等跨学科理论，以纵向到横向、宏观到微观、动态到静态的研究视角对638期第一手原始资料进行文本解读，对其办刊发展、模式转型、风格形塑、媒介呈现进行内容分析，深度解析《中国国家地理》杂志与其所处的时代背景、社会思潮的互动勾连，从而破解《中国国家地理》杂志在不同时期的办刊特点及其内在文化机理与传播样态。本文具体内容如下：在办刊历史部分，通过剖析时代变迁与杂志兴衰的关系，本文提出，《中国国家地理》60余年办刊历程的起承转合可分为初创期、低迷期、复兴期、转型期，杂志兴衰无一不受制于主流意识形态，但也呈现出从较强的政治性到科学传播的自主性，从广博的时代性到社会转型期的特殊性，从单一向度的科学性到多元文化的人文性。正因如此，《中国国家地理》演进成为专业性、人文性、艺术性兼具、受众目标明确、定位精准的科学期刊。在办刊实践部分，文章重点分析了《中国国家地理》在较长时间跨度的办刊历程中、在几经停刊与发行量低迷等若干重要关键节点上的实践与探索。该杂志立足于科学传播、植根自然地理、弘扬人文精神，本章在深入梳理了《中国国家地理》与时代思潮、办刊主体、媒介技术及受众的密切关系之后，指出《中国国家地理》在视觉性、典藏性、差异性上形成了稳定的杂志风格，从而获得广泛的公信力与社会影响力。在传播样态层面，本文运用媒介地理学的观点深入分析了《中国国家地理》的媒介呈现。《中国国家地理》杂志从1998年以来走向成熟，实现了内容与载体的对接、历史与现实的对接、文本呈现和受众需求的对接、地理特征与地域文化的对接，其独具的集中呈现、深度解读、科学引领、对比拷问、创新视界等传播样态，是《中国国家地理》能让受众产生阅读惯性的最本质要素，这一要素也使其成为同类型期刊中的翘楚。本文认为，《中国国家地理》不仅仅是科学知识的传播，，更是文化艺术的传播，其通过精神生产实践，对地理空间进行了再叙事、再想象、再隐喻、再塑造，赋予真实景观以新的意义，创造生成出符号化的文化表征空间，完成了地理空间的媒介再现。其本质是以形象化的手段来自我确证和传达人类情感的虚拟世界，为读者建构起来“虚拟的实体”和“想象的共同体”，并成为这种“想象”的中介与替代，以一种阅读的“仪式”共建过程，架构出一个“想象的地理”与“新地理感”。最后，本文将《中国国家地理》与同类型期刊进行了比较研究，重点剖析该杂志与美国《国家地理》繁体中文版、《华夏地理》的差异化发展。同类项之间的比较能让我们更清醒地看到，我国在科技的发展、科学知识的传播、公民的科学素养等方面与西方相比还有极大的差距。期刊的设计排版和运作模式可以模仿借鉴，期刊的风格定位和叙述技巧可以不断摸索，唯有内容是需要强大的科技力量和人才团队作为支撑的。《中国国家地理》还需要在元内容的生产上、媒介技术上、美学风格上、视野格局上、媒介营销上进一步深化革新，树立起大传播理念与全息观照的视角，以肩负起作为科学传媒的重要职责。本文通过剖析《中国国家地理》杂志特质与时代特质、文化特质、受众特质的深刻关系，试图对科学传播的应用基础做一些扎实的先期工作。所得出的一些结论希冀能够以小见大地映照我国期刊业的发展与创新，能对同类型媒体有所启发与借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:As a landmark model of science communication, National Geographic of China has gone through the evolution and evolution of "science media" from "information" to "interaction" to "knowledge" and "doubt" in its media practice of more than 60 years. The scientific spirit of "seeking truth from facts" is culturally focused on all-round self-moulding of the national image and creating national business cards. It realizes the docking of visual satisfaction and in-depth reading. It has become an important carrier of national imagination of the country, nationality and cultural identity, and embodies the profound humanistic care of the "national magazine".
Based on the fact that the current academic research on China National Geographic is still in the stage of one-way dimension, such as business theory, empiricism and visual theory, this paper takes all the journals of China National Geographic from 1950 to 2013 as the research object, focusing on the interdisciplinary science of media geography, economics, communication, visual culture and so on. On the basis of a longitudinal to horizontal, macroscopic to microcosmic, dynamic to static research perspective, this paper makes a textual interpretation of the 638 issue of the first-hand raw materials, analyzes the development of the journal, the transformation of its mode, the shaping of its style, the presentation of its media, and analyzes in depth the interaction between the magazine and its background of the times and the social trend of thought, thus breaking the gap. To understand the characteristics of the magazine "National Geographic of China" in different periods and its internal cultural mechanism and dissemination patterns.
In the historical part of running magazines, by analyzing the relationship between the changes of times and the rise and fall of magazines, this paper points out that the beginning and transition of running magazines in more than 60 years of National Geographic of China can be divided into three stages: the initial stage, the downturn stage, the revival stage and the transition stage. The rise and fall of magazines are all controlled by the mainstream ideology, but they also show the independence from strong political nature to scientific communication. Because of this, National Geographic of China has evolved into a professional, humanistic, artistic journal with a clear audience target and precise positioning.
In the practical part, this paper mainly analyzes the practice and exploration of several key points in the long-term running process of National Geographic of China, such as the suspension of publications and the low circulation. After the close relationship with the trend of the times, the subject of running the magazine, the media technology and the audience, it is pointed out that National Geographic of China has formed a stable magazine style in the aspects of vision, collection and difference, thus gaining a wide range of credibility and social influence.
From the perspective of media geography, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the media presentation of National Geographic of China.Since 1998, the magazine of National Geographic of China has become mature, realizing the docking of content and carrier, history and reality, text presentation and audience demand, geography and regional culture. Its unique communication patterns, such as centralized presentation, in-depth interpretation, scientific guidance, contrastive torture, and innovative horizons, are the most essential elements for the readers to have reading inertia in National Geographic of China. This element also makes it the best in the same type of journals. This paper argues that National Geographic of China is not only the dissemination of scientific knowledge, but also the dissemination of culture. The dissemination of art, through the practice of spiritual production, re-narrates, imagines, metaphors, re-shapes the geographical space, endows the real landscape with new meaning, creates symbolic cultural representation space, and completes the media reappearance of the geographical space. Virtual world constructs "virtual entity" and "imaginary community" for readers, and becomes the intermediary and substitution of this "imagination". It constructs a "imaginary geography" and a "new sense of geography" through a process of "ritual" co-construction of reading.
Finally, this paper makes a comparative study of National Geographic of China and other journals of the same type, focusing on the analysis of the differences between the magazine and the traditional Chinese edition of National Geographic of the United States and the development of Cathaysia Geographic. There is still a big gap between China and the West. The design and layout of periodicals can be imitated and used for reference. The style and narrative skills of periodicals can be explored constantly. Only the content needs strong scientific and technological strength and a team of talented people to support it. In terms of style, vision pattern, media marketing further deepens the innovation, sets up the concept of mass communication and the perspective of holographic observation to shoulder the important responsibility of science media.
By analyzing the profound relationship between the characteristics of the magazine National Geographic of China and the characteristics of the times, culture and audience, this paper tries to do some solid preliminary work on the application basis of science communication. And reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G237.5

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