保护作品完整权的侵权判断标准研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 07:18

【摘要】：保护作品完整权是我国《著作权法》明文规定的著作人身权之一,是作者最重要的精神权利之一。明确保护作品完整权的侵权判断标准,对于正确处理作品利用与作者人身权保护之间的关系意义重大。目前,我国法律对于保护作品完整权的规定过于简单,对于侵犯保护作品完整权的判断标准没有规定,导致司法实践中并存着两种截然不同的判断标准,即“违背作者思想标准”和“损害作者声誉标准”,致使在该问题的法律适用上呈现很大的不确定性。厘清这一问题,是统一司法实践、实现作者和作品利用者利益平衡的必须前提。鉴于上述考量,本文拟从四个部分展开论述。第一部分是保护作品完整权的基础理论分析。首先,从保护作品完整权的起源出发,阐明了保护作品完整权的发展历程。然后,介绍了保护作品完整权的理论基础,主要有人格权理论、激励理论和公平、正义理念。最后,从保护思想的同一性,保护作者的言论自由和促进文化繁荣的角度阐述了保护作品完整权的功能。第二部分在比较法的视域下对两种侵权判断标准进行考察。在作者权利主义和版权主义两种立法理念的支配下,大陆法系和英美法系国家采用了不同的侵权判断标准。大陆法系国家基本采用了违背作者思想标准,而英美法系国家明确适用损害作者声誉标准。第三部分分析了我国两种标准并存下的立法、司法实践现状。立法主要存在歪曲、篡改含义不明,规制的范围过窄,未明确侵权判断标准的问题。司法实践中不同法院对歪曲、篡改的理解和认定不同,有些法院已经对歪曲、篡改做了扩大化解释。总体来看,法院在判断保护作品完整权侵权时,两种侵权判断标准均有适用。第四部分提出了完善我国保护作品完整权侵权判断标准的思路。即以违背作者思想标准为基本原则,并适度限制作者的权利,从而达到保护作者权利和促进作品传播二者之间的平衡。首先,从符合保护作品完整权的首要功能与我国的实际情况出发,论证了违背作者思想标准的正当性。其次,阐述了我国不适用损害作者声誉标准的理由。最后,提出了在违背作者思想标准下重构我国保护作品完整权制度的设想,在厘清保护作品完整权与修改权关系的前提下,重新表述保护作品完整权的立法定义,并从例外规定和明确戏仿作品合理性两方面对保护作品完整权进行适度限制,以平衡作者和作品利用者以及社会公众的利益。
[Abstract]:The right to protect the integrity of a work is one of the personal rights of the author and one of the most important spiritual rights of the author. It is of great significance to define the standard of tort judgment for the protection of the integrity of the work, which is of great significance to correctly handle the relationship between the utilization of the work and the protection of the personal rights of the author. At present, the law of our country is too simple to protect the right to integrity of the work, and there is no provision for the judgment standard of infringement of the right to protect the integrity of the work, which leads to the coexistence of two different standards of judgment in judicial practice. That is, "violating the standard of author's thought" and "harming the standard of author's reputation", which makes the application of the law of this problem very uncertain. To clarify this issue is the prerequisite for unifying judicial practice and balancing the interests of the author and the user of the work. In view of the above considerations, this paper intends to discuss from four parts. The first part is the basic theoretical analysis of the protection of the right to integrity of works. First of all, starting from the origin of the right to protect the integrity of the work, the development of the right to protect the integrity of the work is expounded. Then, it introduces the theoretical basis of the protection of the right to integrity of works, including the theory of personality right, the theory of motivation and the idea of fairness and justice. Finally, from the angle of protecting the identity of thought, protecting the author's freedom of speech and promoting cultural prosperity, this paper expounds the function of protecting the right to integrity of works. The second part investigates the two kinds of tort judgment standards from the perspective of comparative law. Under the control of two legislative concepts of authoritarianism and copyright doctrine, the countries of civil law system and common law system adopt different standards of tort judgment. Civil law countries basically adopt the standard of violating the author's ideology, while the common law countries apply the criterion of damaging the author's reputation explicitly. The third part analyzes the current situation of legislation and judicial practice under the coexistence of two standards in China. There are some problems in legislation, such as distortion, ambiguous tampering, too narrow scope of regulation and lack of clear judgment standard of infringement. In judicial practice, different courts have different understanding and recognition of distortion and tampering. Some courts have expanded their interpretation of distortion and tampering. Generally speaking, the court can judge the infringement of the integrity of works. The fourth part puts forward the idea of perfecting the judgment standard of protecting the integrity right of works in our country. That is to say, the author's rights should be restricted according to the basic principle of violating the author's ideological standards, so as to achieve the balance between protecting the author's rights and promoting the dissemination of his works. First of all, according to the primary function of protecting the right to integrity of works and the actual situation of our country, this paper demonstrates the legitimacy of violating the author's ideological standards. Secondly, the author expounds the reasons why our country does not apply the criterion of harming the author's reputation. Finally, the author puts forward the idea of reconstructing the system of protecting the integrity of works in our country under the violation of the author's ideological standards, and restates the legislative definition of the right to protect the integrity of works on the premise of clarifying the relationship between the right to protect the integrity of the works and the right to modify. In order to balance the interests of the author, the users and the public, the right to protect the integrity of works should be restricted from two aspects: the exception and the rationality of parody works.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41

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