南宋临安城河道_南宋临安城景观布局初探

  本文关键词：南宋临安城景观布局初探，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

南宋临安城景观布局初探

南宋临安城景观布局初探

浙江省的省会杭州,最早建制始于秦设钱唐县,经过隋唐到北宋数百年的发展,南宋时期的杭州成为中国古代封建社会规模最大的城市之一,在十四世纪中叶堪称世界性大都市。南宋的临安城市建设是中国城市建设的转折点,其城市景观布局独具一格,明、清及后来的城市一直延续这种布局。杭州城经历自秦至唐宋长期建设与发展在南宋晋升到都城级的城市。杭州地处钱塘江和西湖之间,其城市景观布局日益复杂化、多样化。内城背靠凤凰山,占据了临安城内较大的平原地带,而且居高临下,制约全城的命脉；外城因担负保卫内城的重要职责,在做好城门防御的同时不断的加固城墙；街道中的御街是全城的中轴线,贯穿全城,同时连接城内小街道,组成临安城的道路系统；重要的中央官署主要分布在和宁门附近,其他官署分布在居住区内；居住区分布在全城各个适合居住的地方,主要集中在御街南端和中部,城市北部因居住条件的限制,分布较少；位于城西的西湖是临安城最大的园林,“西湖十景”更是一绝。除此之外,私家园林数不胜数。临安城地处在山水之间,城内小桥流水,绿树红花与建筑物相互映衬,创设出人与自然和谐的布局。临安城地形南高北低,城东南是钱唐江,城西是西湖湖山,因此形成了特殊的“南宫北城”的腰鼓形城,也打破了自先秦以来“天下为中”的四方形城。临安城整体还是以御街为中轴线,衣食住行各方面都围绕着御街运行。南宋时期,临安城坊市分离制度彻底瓦解,居住区、官署区和商业区等区域融合在一起,推动了经济的发展。虽只有半壁江山,但当时临安的经济水平在全国首屈一指,临安城逐渐由全国政治中心转变为全国重要的政治经济中心。临安城内繁华的景象堪比北宋东京的“清明上河图”。自此城市建设不在局限于精细工整的布局,而是依据其地形及功能合理布局,这种将自然景观融入人工建筑营造出园林城市的手法值得后来城市建设学习和借鉴。

【Abstract】 Hangzhou is captial of Zhejiang province.It’s organizational system dated from as early as Qiantang county which founded in Qin dynasty, underwent many years of development from Suitang to northern Song dynasty, became one of the largest city in southern song of Chinese ancient feudal society, and one of the world-wide metropolis in the middle of 14th century. The urban construction of Lin’an is the turning point of Chinese city construction in southern song, the city layout and landscape is of their own.The administrative zones evolution of Lin’an city enhances unceasingly, eventually become the capital of southern song. Since Hangzhou is surrounded by mountains and lakes, the city’s landscape and layout become more complex and diverse. The inner city depend on Phoenix Hill, occupying a large plains Lin’an city, and controlling the lifeblood of the city, Outsider city shoulder an important responsibility to defend the city, so, doing the gates constantly while reinforcing defensive wall; Royal Street is a street which in the city’s central axis, runs through the city, connecting the small streets to form the road system of Lin’an city; important central government offices are mainly located near the Hening door, and other government offices located in residential area; and the residential areas located in various places where suitable for living throughout the city, mainly in the southern and central of Royal Street, northern is rare because of living conditions. The inner city, outsider city, streets, overseers, residential area, gardens and the layout combined with the natural landscape, creating the human and the nature harmonious layout.The special waist drum form of Lin’an city, broke the long city square layout. But on the whole, Lin’an regarded Royal Street as its central axis, operated all aspects like the basic necessities around Royal Street.Finally, during the song dynasty, the workshop and the city completely separated.Commercial, handicraft industry developed extremely prosperously, Lin’an city as the national political center transformed gradually to the national important political and economic center.The city layout of Lin’an City is a typical representative of irregular shape model of urban construction in China.Since then, urban development is not confined to fine neat layout of the city, turned to its function and terrain as the basis for rational distribution.Combine the natural landscape and man-way to create a garden city is good for urban construction later.

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  本文关键词：南宋临安城景观布局初探，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。