文化转型对地方意义流变的影响
本文关键词：“全球的地方感”理论述评与广州案例解读，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
[1] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Oakes <given-names>T.Place and the Paradox of Modernity[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,<year>1997,<volume>87(3):<fpage>509-<lpage>531.
The concept of place has, over the past decade, been invigorated theoretically by geographers emphasizing the unboundedness, historical dynamism, and multiple identities inherent in places. This work is often characterized as a new way of conceiving place, enabled in part by the rise of postmodern cultural and social theory and the related demise of modernism in academia. Modernism, it has been claimed, devalued place as a relevant vehicle for understanding social change. This paper, however, contends that in fact place has been a particularly significant terrain for representing the experience of modernity, and that the conception of place envisioned in contemporary cultural geography has important humanistic roots in much nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature. The paper examines the intersections between this literary tradition of place representation and academic geography, examining the work of Goethe and Hardy, and the fiction of Raymond Williams. These writers articulated a vision of place not as the site of by-gone traditions and knowable communities, but as the landscape of modernity's paradoxes and contradictions. While there have been echoes of this distinctly modern approach to place in cultural geography, it is often obscured by a focus on the oppositional geopolitics of resistance. I argue that the vision of place derived from the literature discussed can serve as a template for examining the contemporary cultural dynamics of socioeconomic transformation and restructuring, and is advocated here as a basis for evaluating the cultural politics of place in terms of the contradiction and paradox鈥攁s opposed to a narrower conception of progressive politics鈥攚ith which people continue to engage the changes swirling around them.
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8306.00066
[2] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">周大鸣. 都市化中的文化转型[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),<year>2013,<volume>53(3):<fpage>97~<lpage>102.
对于中国大部分地区来说,现阶段是一个从乡村社会向都市社会转变 的时期,这个转变的过程也成为从农业文明向都市文明转化的文化转型过程,相较于社会转型,文化转型是一个长期、隐蔽的过程.从人类学角度看待都市化过程中 发生的文化转型现象,从家庭、社会关系以及社会整合模式等较为典型的方面进行阐释,将对文化转型的研究、都市化研究及中国社会的研究带来启发.
[3] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Tuan <given-names>Y.Place:an experiential perspective[J].Geographical Review, <year>1975,<volume>65(2):<fpage>151-<lpage>165.INTEREST in place and in the meaning of place is universal. The academic discipline that studies place is geography. Geographers have approached the study of place from two main perspectives: place as location, a unit within a hierarchy of units in space; and place as a
DOI: 10.2307/213970
[4] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">江泓,<name lang="CN">张四维.生产、复制与特色消亡——“空间生产”视角下的城市特色危机[J].城市规划学刊,<volume>2009(4):<fpage>40~<lpage>45.从"空间生产"的视角,对当代中国出现的城市特色危机做出解读和剖析.通过分析特色危机与资本空间生产的关系,阐述城市特色危机在当代中国快速城市化过程中出现的原因和必然性.并提出在规划实践中时城市特色进行改善的思路.
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[5] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">吴廷烨,<name lang="CN">刘云刚,<name lang="CN">王丰龙.城乡结合部流动人口聚居区的空间生产——以广州市瑞宝村为例[J].人文地理, <year>2013,<volume>28(6):<fpage>86~<lpage>91.空间的生产理论是当前解释中国 城市空间开发现象的重要理论工具,也是目前学术界相关研究的热点。中国对于空间生产理论的研究当前主要着眼于宏观的制度、资本等要素,而本文以广州市瑞宝 村为例,探讨了由流动人口推动的城乡结合部"弱"空间生产过程。研究发现,城乡结合部流动人口聚居区的空间生产是流动人口在当前的户籍、土地、政府监管与 城市更新制度之下,通过积极的区位选择、社会网络关系带动实现了对空间的占据、巩固和空间的持续占有,其空间生产的结果是形成一个以流动人口为主体、以社 会网络关系维系的稳定、孤立的同质生产社区。在当前的制度体制之下,此类社区并非个例,而对此类社区的管治,需要从一个更为综合的社会—空间视角进行考 量。
[6] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">刘云刚,<name lang="CN">王丰龙.城乡结合部的空间生产与黑色集群——广州M垃圾猪场的案例研究[J].地理科学, <year>2011,<volume>31(5):<fpage>563~<lpage>569.空间的生产是当今西方的主流社会理论之一,也在逐渐成为解释中国城市空间开发现象的有效工具。但是,目前国内对空间生产理论的运用主要集中于资本和政府作用下的＂强＂空间生产。通过对广州M垃圾猪场的案例研究,探讨了制度结构和社会行动等宏微观要素对城乡结合部空间生产的综合作用,并展示了一个由农村进城移民所发起的＂弱＂空间生产案例。农村进城移民通过积极的区位战略、社会经营网络的营造实现了空间的占据和空间的生产,其背后则折射了户籍、土地、卫生等诸多转型期的制度漏洞。空间生产的结果是一个以农村进城移民为主体的产业和生活单元,即黑色集群的形成,该集群具有非正规乃至非法特征,在城市管理者的制度挤压下呈现发展的不稳定性。研究结果表明,对此类空间的治理必须首先基于综合的理解,而不是取缔或粗暴管制。
[7] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Harvey <given-names>D.Between space and time:reflections on the geographical imaginations[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers, <year>1990,<volume>80(3):<fpage>418-<lpage>434.Abstract Although concepts of space and time are socially constructed, they operate with the full force of objective fact and play a key role in processes of social reproduction. Conceptions of space and time are inevitably, therefore, contested as part and parcel of processes of social change, no matter whether that change is superimposed from without (as in imperialist domination) or generated from within (as in the conflict between environmentalist and economic standards of decision making). A study of the historical geography of concepts of space and time suggests that the roots of the social construction of these concepts lie in the mode of production and its characteristic social relations. In particular, the revolutionary qualities of a capitalistic mode of production, marked by strong currents of technological change and rapid economic growth and development, have been associated with powerful revolutions in the social conceptions of space and time. The implications of these revolutions, implying as they do the 鈥渁nnihilation of space by time'鈥檃nd the general speed-up and acceleration of turnover time of capital, are traced in the fields of culture and politics, aesthetic theory and, finally, brought home within the discipline of geography as both a problem and a stimulus for rethinking the role of the geographical imagination in contemporary social life.
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[8] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Harvey <given-names>D.From space to place and back again[M].//Bird J,Curtis B,Putnam T,et al.Mapping the futures: Local cultures,global changes.London:Routledge,<year>1993:<fpage>2-<lpage>29. [9] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">钱俊希,<name lang="CN">钱丽芸,<name lang="CN">朱竑.“全球的地方感”理论述评与广州案例解读[J].人文地理,<year>2011,<volume>26(6):<fpage>40~<lpage>44.关于地方文化意义的研究在西方人文地理学研究中占据着重要的地位。全球化背景下，地方的意义正在被全球性力量中和与消解。在这种断裂之下，原有的对于“地方性”的想象反而在认同形成的过程中被不断加强。本土社会力图在一个“时空压缩”的“超空间”时代中，保存其自身基于地方意义的身份认同。哈维认为，，一切基于地方意义形成的认同都是反动与禁锢的。他提出，应从资本运作的角度出发，理解地方差异的形成，从而理解地方建构中的社会关系与权力关系的建构。但马西则在批判哈维理论的基础上提出了全球（进步）的地方感理论，指出应从多样的社会建构出发，理解地方性的形成过程。马西认为，地方的本质特点包括：开放以及与外界密切的社会联系；地方本身是一个过程，认同在不断的再建构过程中；地方内部具有其认同的多样性；进步的地方感并不否认地方性的存在等。基于马西的进步地方感理论，研究通过对广州关于移民以及粤语传承问题讨论中出现的话语进行的文本分析，指出广州本地社会在上述讨论的过程中，其少部分话语已经呈现出进步地方感所批判的禁锢性，因此需要在重新认识地方的过程中加以修正。
[10] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">吴幸玲. 全球城市消費性地景的文化生产以上海的住宅地景为例[J].地理学报(台湾),<year>2008,(52):<fpage>31~<lpage>52. [11] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print"><name>Tuan <given-names>Y.Space and Place:The Perspective of Experience[M].Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,<year>1977:<fpage>3-<lpage>19. [12] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Soja E <given-names>W.Postmodern Geographies:The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory[M].London:Verso,<year>1989:<fpage>76-<lpage>93. [13] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Cresswell <given-names>T.Place:A Short Introduction[M].Malden:Blackwell Publishers,<year>2004:<volume>31. [14] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Relph E <given-names>C.Place and Placelessness[M].London:Pion,<year>1976:<fpage>2-<lpage>46. [15] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Eyles <given-names>J.The geography of everyday life[M]//Gregory D,Walford R.Horizons in Human Geography.London:Macmillan,<year>1989:<fpage>102-<lpage>117. [16] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Young <given-names>T.Place matters[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,<year>2001,<volume>91(4):<fpage>681-<lpage>682.Place is a process, and it is human experience and struggle that give meaning to place. Place identity is a cultural value shared by the community, a collective understanding about social identity intertwined with place meaning. The process through which place identity is constructed and internalized is poorly understood. This study analyzes the relationship between changing power relations, meanings in the built environment, and the emergence of place identity in two copper mining towns in Sonora, Mexico. I focus on how hegemony is materialized in the landscape. Hegemony can serve to create the perception of harmony between landscape meaning and material reality. If this occurs, place identity emerges. Through the course of my analysis, the focus on two mining towns in Sonora also illustrates the importance of place in political economic change, particularly for neoliberal adjustments in Mexico.
DOI: 10.1111/0004-5608.00265
[17] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Wright J <given-names>K.Terrae incognitae:the place of the imagination in geography[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,<year>1947,<volume>37(1):<fpage>1-<lpage>15.Publication » Terrae Incognitae: The Place of the Imagination in Geography.
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[18] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">朱竑,<name lang="CN">钱俊希,<name lang="CN">陈晓亮.地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识[J].人文地理,<year>2010,<volume>25(6):<fpage>1~<lpage>6.地方是现代人文地理学研究的重 要视角之一。以人本主义地理学为代表,现代欧美人文地理学界对地方性意义以及地方在建构个人与社会的文化身份认同的作用进行了深入的探讨与研究。地方对于 个人与社会来说,不啻是一个意义的中心,同时也是构建社会关系与权力关系的媒介。因此,地方意义在身份认同的建构过程中有着十分重要的作用。本文从地方— 空间的关系、地方认同的多样性与动态性、地方认同与权力的关系以及全球化背景下的地方认同四个方面对欧美人文地理学关于地方与认同之间辩证关系的研究进行 系统的述评。
[19] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">张中华,<name lang="CN">张沛,<name lang="CN">王兴中.地方理论应用社区研究的思考——以阳朔西街旅游社区为例[J].地理科学,<year>2009,<volume>29(1):<fpage>141~<lpage>146.地方是一个充满意义的空间,地方理论从人的感觉、心理、社会文 化、伦理道德等角度来认识人与地方之间的关系.社区是一个地方,社区意识与社区感等概念有着与地方理论概念相似性特征.本研究试图从以人文主义现象学为哲 学基础的地方理论研究取向出发,探讨地方理论的基本内容,并以阳朔西街旅游社区为典型案例区,来探讨和分析其在社区应用研究中的重要意义.而且这对当前 的"和谐社会"建设也具有重要的理论指导意义.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2009.01.023
[20] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Harvey <given-names>D.Justice, Nature,the Geography of Difference[M].Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers,<year>1996:<volume>261. [21] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print"><name>Massey D <given-names>B.Space, Place,Gender[M].Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press,<year>1994:<fpage>146-<lpage>156. [22] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Massey D <given-names>B.A place called home?[J].New Formations,<year>1992,<volume>17:<fpage>3-<lpage>15.Presents a photo essay with text of a 17th-century rambling Somerset County home in southwest England. How it was converted from three connected cottages into a single structure in 1720; Efforts of present owner Tom Hickman to renovate and update the house without removing any of its historical features; Decoration of the interior with stencils and trompe l'oeil creations.
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[24] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print"><name>Hall <given-names>S.New cultures for old[M]//Massey D,Jess P.A Place in the World? Places, Cultures and Globalization.Oxford:Oxford University Press,<year>1995:<fpage>175-<lpage>213. [25] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">张纯,<name lang="CN">王敬甯,<name lang="CN">陈平,<etal lang="CN">等.地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响——以北京市南锣鼓巷为例[J].地理研究,<year>2008,<volume>27(2):<fpage>439~<lpage>448.文化创意产业成为21世纪中国经济的重要增长点。本文以北京南锣鼓巷的案例,展示了在文化体制改革的背景下,自发形成的地方创意环境和实体空间对城市文化创意活动的影响。近十年来,作为老城中心休闲场所的南锣鼓巷,已经成为演员、导演、编剧和其他艺术者集中的文化创意地。质性访谈和小样本的问卷调查显示,丰富的历史文化遗产、周边高等级的艺术和演出机构提供了创意活动的有力支持,有形的历史文化空间则形成创意过程的催化剂;而酒吧和咖啡店等的出现使创意人才得以聚集,其中的创意交流活动则促进创意成果的产生。本文认为,打造文化创意园区并非唯一的发展之路。是否能吸引具有创意潜质的人才,将其有机地组织并提升集体创造力,进而促进创意活动更密集地发生才是关键。
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[26] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">李凡,<name lang="CN">朱竑,<name lang="CN">黄维.从祠堂视角看明至民国初期佛山宗族文化景观的流变和社会文化空间分异[J]. 地理科学,<year>2009,<volume>29(6):<fpage>929~<lpage>937.明以来佛山逐渐形成八图土著宗族文化景观和侨寓宗族文化景观并存的格局,对佛山城市空间发展产生影响。通过从古地图和文献中提取历史时期基本空间数据和祠堂等文化景观地理信息,建立佛山历史GIS数据库。以此为基础,通过景观复原、地图再现、空间分析和景观分析等方法,以祠堂景观为视角,解读明至民国初期佛山宗族文化景观时空演变及其所意涵的社会文化空间意义。结果表明①宋元时期祠堂主要集中在佛山南部大塘涌沿岸,反映出宋代涌入佛山的移民早期多定居在南部;②明代佛山镇祠堂数量急增,表现出聚落空间由南部向中部扩展的趋势,祠堂景观基本形成了以南部的锦澜、东头、栅下铺和中部的祖庙、黄伞铺为中心的空间格局;③清以后祠堂景观总体空间格局没有大变化,但八图土著宗族内部产生的裂变促使土著祠堂景观发生空间扩散。土著祠堂与侨寓祠堂景观空间上既互补又相互混杂,说明随着侨寓的大量进入,土著传统血缘空间被打破,地缘、业缘等因素增强,这正适应了佛山城市化发展的大趋势。
[27] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">蔡晓梅,<name lang="CN">朱竑,<name lang="CN">刘晨.情境主题餐厅员工地方感特征及其形成原因——以广州味道云南食府为例[J].地理学报,<year>2012,<volume>67(2):<fpage>239~<lpage>252.地方感的研究为探讨人地关系提供了新的视角.情境主题餐厅作为能提供特殊体验的一种微观文化空间,为员工构造了一个“异位(heterotopias)”的超现实空间(hyperreality).本文通过对广州味道云南食府这一典型情境主题餐厅员工的体验式观察和深度访谈,探讨了情境主题餐厅员工对不同尺度空间产生的不同地方感特征及其原因,得出以下结论:①员工对情境主题餐厅及其所处城市的地方感存在差异.他们对餐厅具有强烈的地方认同和地方依赖,对餐厅所处城市具有地方依赖,但对餐厅以外的其他城市空间不存在地方认同；②员工对情境主题餐厅地方感特征产生的原因是餐厅融洽的社交环境、良好的工作和生活环境以及较高认同的情境(文化)；③员工对情境主题餐厅所处城市地方感特征产生的原因是城市所提供的良好工作条件、较差的自然环境、低熟悉的城市空间、对家乡的依恋和对“异乡人”的身份认同；④员工对情境主题餐厅及其所处城市的熟悉程度、环境和文化认同程度和归属/依恋程度的差异是员工对两者地方感存在差异的原因.结论对于丰富地方感在微观空间层面的理论与实证研究有重要的价值,能够为城市中其他微观文化空间的地方感研究提供借鉴.
DOI: 10.11821/xb201202010
[28] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">曾国军,<name lang="CN">孙树芝,<name lang="CN">朱竑,<etal lang="CN">等.全球化与地方性冲突背后的跨地方饮食文化生产——基于广州的案例[J].地理科学,<year>2013,<volume>33(3):<fpage>291~<lpage>298.以原真性和标准化程度为基准,构建基于企业视角的跨地方文化生产的理论框架,并以广州泰国餐厅蕉叶、法国餐厅塞纳河、美国餐厅肯德基和韩国餐厅笑味轩为案例,讨论跨地方饮食文化生产的类型和特点。结果表明,原真性与标准化程度不同的4种跨地方饮食文化生产类型（原真标准化文化生产、原真性文化生产、标准化文化生产、异质化文化生产）均可能受到消费者认可,并在市场上持续经营。
[29] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Cook <given-names>I,<name>Hobson <given-names>K,<name>Hallett <given-names>L,<etal>et al.Geographies of food:'Afters'[J].Progress in Human Geography,<year>2010,<volume>35(1):<fpage>104-<lpage>120.This third and final ‘Geographies of food’ review is based on an online blog conversation provoked by the first and second reviews in the series (Cook et al., 2006; 2008a). Authors of the work featured in these reviews – plus others whose work was not but should have been featured – were invited to respond to them, to talk about their own and other people’s work, and to enter into conversations about – and in the process review – other/new work within and beyond what could be called ‘food geographies’. These conversations were coded, edited, arranged, discussed and rearranged to produce a fragmentary, multi-authored text aiming to convey the rich and multi-stranded content, breadth and character of ongoing food studies research within and beyond geography.
DOI: 10.1177/0309132510369035
[30] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print"><name lang="CN">费孝通. 关于文化自觉的一些自白[M].//费孝通文集(第16集).北京:群言出版社,<year>2004:<fpage>55~<lpage>64. [31] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">赵旭东. 从社会转型到文化转型——当代中国社会的特征及其转化[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),<year>2013,<volume>53(3):<fpage>111~<lpage>124.比照社会转型，一种对文化形态转变的理解和思考应运而生。新媒体的普及使原有文化秩序中时空意义发生了转变。网络空间的文化重组，带来现实生活中的意义重构。在文化自觉观念引导下的中国意识的构建，成为当下中国文化转型的一个动力基础。文化转型首先是人对自然界态度的转变，即从对自然无所畏惧的探索和利用，转变到以对自然的敬畏之心去思考人存在于天地之间的价值和意义。因此文化转型必然要在人心或心态上去做文章。
[32] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Hamnett <given-names>C.The blind men and the elephant: the explanation of gentrification[J].Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,<year>1991,<volume>16(2):<fpage>173-<lpage>189.【Key Words】：
DOI: 10.2307/622612
[33] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Smith <given-names>N.New globalism, new urbanism: gentrification as global urban strategy[J].Antipode,<year>2002,<volume>34(3):<fpage>427-<lpage>450.This paper uses several events in New York in the late 1990s to launch two central arguments about the changing relationship between neoliberal urbanism and so-called globalization. First, much as the neoliberal state becomes a consummate agent of鈥攔ather than a regulator of鈥攖he market, the new revanchist urbanism that replaces liberal urban policy in cities of the advanced capitalist world increasingly expresses the impulses of capitalist production rather than social reproduction. As globalization bespeaks a rescaling of the global, the scale of the urban is recast. The true global cities may be the rapidly growing metropolitan economies of Asia, Latin America, and (to a lesser extent) Africa, as much as the command centers of Europe, North America and Japan. Second, the process of gentrification, which initially emerged as a sporadic, quaint, and local anomaly in the housing markets of some cities, is now thoroughly generalized as an urban strategy that takes over from liberal urban policy. No longer isolated or restricted to Europe, North America, or Oceania, the impulse behind gentrification is now generalized; its incidence is global, and it is densely connected into the circuits of global capital and cultural circulation. What connects these two arguments is the shift from an urban scale defined according to the conditions of social reproduction to one in which the investment of productive capital holds definitive precedence.
DOI: 10.1111/1467-8330.00249
[34] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Ley <given-names>D.Alternative explanations for inner-city gentrification: a Canadian assessment[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,<year>1986,<volume>76(4):<fpage>521-<lpage>535.Abstract Within the rapidly expanding literature on inner-city revitalization (or gentrification), there has been no attempt to assess in a comparative and systematic manner a range of explanations that have emerged from studies of single cities or even single neighborhoods. Four major explanations of gentrification are reviewed here and then made operational in a correlation and regression analysis of inner-city gentrification in the Canadian urban system between 1971 and 1981. Several of the posited explanations are not supported. Economic and urban amenity factors perform most strongly in the analysis, but demographic and housing factors have less effect. I develop an integrated model and discuss its theoretical implications, including its consistency with staple theory and the interrelatedness demonstrated between housing and labor markets.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1986.tb00134.x
[35] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Ley <given-names>D, <name>Dobson <given-names>C.Are there limits to gentrification? the contexts of impeded gentrification in Vancouver[J].Urban Studies,<year>2008,<volume>45(12):<fpage>2471-<lpage>2498.This paper examines conditions that impede inner-city gentrification. Several factors emerge from review of a scattered literature, including the role of public policy, neighbourhood political mobilisation and various combinations of population and land use characteristics that are normally unattractive to gentrifiers. In a first phase of analysis, some of these expectations are tested with census tract attributes against the map of gentrification in the City of Vancouver from 1971 to 2001. More detailed qualitative field work in the Downtown Eastside and Grandview-Woodland, two inner-city neighbourhoods with unexpectedly low indicators of gentrification, provides a fuller interpretation and reveals the intersection of local poverty cultures, industrial land use, neighbourhood political mobilisation and public policy, especially the policy of social housing provision, in blocking or stalling gentrification.
DOI: 10.1177/0042098008097103
[36] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Herman R D <given-names>K.The Aloha State place names and the anti-conquest of Hawaii[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,<year>1999,<volume>89(1):<fpage>76-<lpage>102.The islands of Hawaii differ greatly from the other 49 states. Formed by volcanic activity in the North Pacific, they burst with rain forests, waterfalls, and beaches. In this colorful title, students will discover the natural...
[37] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">刘宣. 快速城市化下“转型社区”空间改造的障碍——广州、深圳案例[J].地理研究,<year>2010,<volume>29(4):<fpage>693~<lpage>702.城中村在土地利用、建设景观、规划管理、社区文化等方面均表现出 强烈的城乡差异及矛盾.近年来,我国部分地区采取了"转制"的措施来消除"城中村"的城乡二元结构,形成了兼具城市与乡村社区特征的"转型社区",-人口 由农民转为市民、土地由集体所有转为国有、经济由集体经济转为股份公司、管理由村委会转居委会-其空间改造也提上日程.从"转型社区"的土地利用问题出 发,介绍目前常用的"转型社区"改造模式,并分别从"转型社区"内土地产权和使用主体分析转制后依然存在甚至加剧的改造障碍.研究认为,土地的伪国有化定 义下的不完全产权、土地非法与合法混杂导致的用地破碎化和现有利益格局下各土地利用主体的成本与收益失衡导致"转型社区"内公共设施缺乏、土地价值过低且 被过度利用的状态难以改变.以此为基础,提出了对"转型社区"改造的建议.
DOI: 10.11821/yj2010040012
[38] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">尹晓颖,<name lang="CN">闫小培,<name lang="CN">薛德升.快速城市化地区“城中村”非正规部门与“城中村”改造——深圳市蔡屋围、渔民村的案例研究[J].现代城市研究,<volume>2009(3):<fpage>44~<lpage>53.本文分析了"城中村"非正规部 门的特征和形成原因,指出快速工业化和城市化、正规供给渠道不畅、规划的缺失、管理的不到位等因素是目前深圳非正规部门主要集中在"城中村"的主要原因, 由此引发对蔡屋围的综合整治和渔民村的全面改造两种改造模式的反思。从宏观看,现有改造多是从实施规划的角度考虑,而规划往往注重物质规划、轻社会因素, 这种重物质景观的改造模式过于简单化;从房地产开发的角度看,"城中村"村民出租房屋的非正规经济活动是一种房地产开发行为,渔民村的全面改造还不能满足 低收入群体的住房需求,蔡屋围的综合整治模式应是主体改造模式,不同改造模式可以同步推进;从社区的角度看,"城中村"属于一种类型的社区,"城中村"改 造应在社区规划的指导下进行。最后,对如何通过"城中村"改造使非正规部门正规化和社区规划等问题进行了思考,提出"城中村"改造可以将村民视为房地产开 发的主体之一,将其纳入正规房地产市场体系,将社区规划纳入城市规划体系。
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2009.03.007
[39] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">吕晓芳,<name lang="CN">王仰麟,<name lang="CN">彭建,<etal lang="CN">等.深圳快速城市化地区公路沿线土地利用空间集聚[J].地理学报, <year>2008,<volume>63(8):<fpage>845~<lpage>855.以2005年深圳市主要公路沿 线6类城市建设用地为研究对象,基于景观格局指数和空间数据挖掘(SDM)中的空间关联规则,研究不同缓冲带内其建设用地单一类型、相邻类型及组合类型的 空间聚集特征。结果表明:主要公路两侧以工业用地为主,"三来一补"、"三资"企业为主体的外向型乡镇企业加快了特区外的农村城市化进程;城市公共设施、 教育和医疗卫生用地缺乏,一定程度上妨碍了城市经济功能的协调;单一类型建设用地景观分异特征趋向于距公路越远,出现频率越小,且随着逐渐远离公路线出现 了若干次级集中区,距公路500-1000m可作为识别该次级中心的特征带;两类建设用地之间的空间邻近分布特征表明,以各类建设用地为中心与其他类建设 用地在公路线附近均表现邻近,沿线附近和较远距离上随工业用地出现峰值,同时出现其周围住宅用地的聚集,特区外该类现象尤为明显;土地利用组合特征表明各 类建设用地均呈很强的空间自相关性,其中以各类建设用地与工业用地的组合尤为普遍,体现了研究区尤其是特区外主要工业承载区中经济活动空间以工业区为中心 的集群效应。
DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.08.006
[40] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print">魏小安等. 优质生活的创想家:华侨城发展轨迹的观察[M].北京:中信出版社,<year>2010:<volume>3. [41] <mixed-citation publication-type="book" publication-format="print"><name lang="CN">董观志,<name lang="CN">张颖.旅游+地产:华侨城的商业模式[M].广州:中山大学出版社,<year>2008:<fpage>36~<lpage>39. [42] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="online">潘陶. 深圳两会提案建议:上海宾馆要不要拆[N/OL].深圳晚报.<year>2004-<month>02-<day>29. . [43] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">王鸿楷,<name lang="CN">陈坤宏.都市消费空间结构之形成及其意义[J].国立台湾大学建筑与城乡研究学报,<year>2000,(9):8,<volume>13, <fpage>43~<lpage>63. [44] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">林耿. 居住郊区化背景下消费空间的特征及其演化——以广州市为例[J].地理科学,<year>2009,<volume>29(3):<fpage>353~<lpage>359.以广州市居住郊区化过程中出现 的消费错位现象为切入点,从消费社会学的符号消费视角对其原因进行新的解释。消费空间剧场化、消费空间时尚化以及消费空间对消费者社会身份的建构功能,使 北京路传统商业步行街作为高级商业中心地的符号功能得以建构。现代购物中心的符号表征功能,使天河区商业中心成为一个消费者自我实现的情感化消费空间。两 者重构了大城市的中心-边缘关系,使到郊区的居住空间得以拓展而消费空间受到抑制,难以发展高等级的现代业态。随着城市快速轨道交通的建设,城区商业中心 进一步加强了对消费者和经营者的吸引力,新时期的地下商业文化也加速了商业中心的符号化。城市消费空间正向城区商业中心极化力量增强的方向演化。
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2009.03.008
[45] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Paul D <given-names>E.World cities as hegemonic projects:the politics of global imagineering in Montreal[J].Political Geography,<year>2004,<volume>23(5):<fpage>571-<lpage>596.4. [47] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name>Miles <given-names>S,<name>Paddison <given-names>R.Introduction:the rise and rise of culture-led urban regeneration[J].Urban Studies,<year>2005,<volume>42(5-6):<fpage>833-<lpage>839.
The article discusses the United Nations-Habitat report :The State of the World's Cities". The report focuses on the cultural impacts of globalization. Previous reports had singled out the problems of, and opportunities for, urban economic growth and the need for improved systems of governance. The 2003 study focused on slums and the upgrading of housing. The 2004 study reflects broader concerns with multiculturalism and exclusion. While the report is concerned with the implications globalization processes have on urban cultural diversity and the problems, particularly those of inequality and governance, to which this gives rise, its concern is also to show how culture has been. Culture can be viewed not just as a challenge to the ability of cities to combine social justice with economic growth, but also the source-ground around which the amelioration of such problems can be sought.
DOI: 10.1080/00420980500107508
[48] <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><name lang="CN">诸武毅,<name lang="CN">刘云刚.深圳OCT-LOFT华侨城创意产业园的空间生产[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),<year>2013,<volume>45(5):<fpage>106~<lpage>111.
本文关键词：“全球的地方感”理论述评与广州案例解读，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
本文编号：242168
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