建立以迁徙自由为目标的中国户口管理制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 18:51

【摘要】： 4年前震惊全国的“孙志刚案”让全国的户口管理制度改革迈出了重要一步,大部分城市暂住证制度被取消。但阻碍人口迁移自由的城乡二元户口制度仍在各大中城市担负着控制城市人口机械增长的重要作用迁入城市的人口一方面创造出巨大的社会财富,另一方面又可能造成一系列的社会问题,如就业困难、交通拥挤、治安恶化等,发展中国家尤其如此。这些可能产生的风险导致我国的城乡二元户口制度迟迟得不到改革。但是几乎所有的国家,除朝鲜、中国等少数国家外,都允许人口的迁移自由,没有设置限制人口迁移的户口壁垒,户口管理制度并未影响人口迁移与城市化的进程,也没有干扰社会经济的正常运行。随着中国市场经济的发展,城乡二元户口制度的弊病日益暴露,要求对中国现行户口管理制度改革的呼声日渐高涨。本文认为,中国必须加快户口制度改革,建立以迁徙自由为目标的一元制户口管理制度,真正恢复公民的迁徙自由的权利,这不仅有利于国民素质的全面提高和专长的发挥,尤其是对劳动力资源配置的优化,推动中国城市化进程和国民经济发展具有重要作用。因此本文的研究具有重要的现实意义和长期战略意义。本文试从五个方面对中国户口管理制度改革进行阐述。第一部分绪论阐述了文章写作的背景,选题的现实意义以及国内外研究现状。第二部分阐述了有关户口管理的三个定义及制定户口管理制度的理论依据。马克思主义“两种生产”理论告诉我们:户口管理制度必须符合人类自身生产必须与物质资料生产相适应的原理。达托罗人口流动模型认为促进人口流动的基本力量,是比较利益与成本的理性经济考虑推力-拉力理论从影响迁移的因素、迁移量、迁移的流向和迁移者的特征四个方面为我们解释了人口流动的原因。这些理论运用不同方法,得出相同的结论,那就是户口管理制度要遵循人口迁移的客观规律。第三部分阐述中国现行户口管理制度形成过程与成因。文章从理论、历史、经济方面阐述了中国户口管理制度的形成过程以及根源。在计划经济物资缺乏的岁月,户口管理制度曾经发挥过重要的历史作用。随着以经济体制改革为中心的中国社会生活各个方面的变革,现行户口管理制度限制了人口迁徙的自由造成的各种弊端被显现无疑。第四部分介绍、比较和借鉴了国外美国、欧洲以及日本的人口管理办法。国外虽与我国人口管理办法不同,但“户口”管理仍然是世界各国最根本的社会管理制度,所不同的是,许多发达国家依靠的是市场加法制的手段,比我国单一的“行政审批”手段更有效合理,值得我国借鉴。第五部分阐述了建立迁徙自由中国户口管理制度的必要性、可行性,改革现行户口管理制度,实现迁徙自由是人类生存的基本要求,现行户口管理制度违背市场经济运行的基本要求,阻碍了中国城市化的进程,阻碍了农村剩余劳动力的空间转移,造成管理上的混乱,改革的必要性不言而喻。随着改革开放的日渐全面和深入,中国市场经济运行机制基本建成,流动人口增长高峰已经过去,人民对改革的承受能力不断增强,国家相关政策也不断调整和出台,改革中国现行户口管理制度、建立迁徙自由户口制度的条件已基本成熟。第六部分提出建立“以迁徙自由为户口制度改革的目标,实行一元制户口管理”的目标和步骤。其主要内容是建立身份平等的户口管理制度,公民具有自主选择离开原居住地到外地旅行或定居的迁徙自由,公民的迁徙自由不受户口约束。一元制户口制度是一种彻底的改革目标,但是具有较大风险,因此如何控制社会风险确保目标的实现成为关键,需要以渐进的逐步从二元制向一元制过度的方式控制改革过程的风险。文章认为,为了确保改革目标的实现必须遵循四个原则,即按照渐进式改革的方法、实行户口与利益的整体脱钩、社会相关部门的配套改革和健全立法依法管理,以保障改革的顺利实施。为控制风险需要分为三个实施阶段:一是省区之间二元居住证户口管理制度实施阶段;二是有条件省区内部一元制户口迁徙制度实施阶段;三是全国省际之间一元制户口迁徙制度实施阶段。同时可考虑在不同的地区,在不同的阶段,可以有不同的选择。本文的新意是:第一、在国内同类有关户口改革相关文献中,普遍存在就是论事讨论户口制度改革的现象,较少从理论上阐述人口迁移一般规律。本文对主要人口迁徙规律的理论:马克思主义“两种生产”理论、达托罗人口流动模型理论、推力-拉力理论进行了系统研究,为我国户口管理制度的改革提供了重要理论依据。第二、中国户口制度改革是具有高风险、高难度的改革。文章敢于从难点入手,在提出一元制户口管理制度改革目标后,把控制风险作为重点研究对象,提出包括户口和利益整体脱钩等控制风险的四大原则,以及控制风险的三个渐进式改革步骤,即采用居住证形式,分地区分步骤逐渐从二元户口制度向一元制户口制度过渡,最后完成全国性户口制度改革。因此本文为中国户口改革提供了可操作的思路和方法,具有一定的创新性和应用价值。
[Abstract]:4 years ago, the Sun Zhigang case, which shocked the whole country, made an important step in the reform of the household management system in the whole country. Most of the city's temporary residence permit system was cancelled. But the urban and rural two yuan residence system that hindered the free migration of the population still took the important role of controlling urban population mechanical growth in all large and medium-sized cities and moved into the population of the city on the one hand The creation of huge social wealth, on the other hand, may cause a series of social problems, such as employment difficulties, traffic congestion, public security and so on, especially in developing countries. These possible risks lead to the delay of the reform of the two yuan account system in urban and rural areas in China. Outside the country, the population is allowed to move freely, and there is no residence barrier to restrict the migration of the population. The household registration system does not affect the process of population migration and urbanization, nor does it interfere with the normal operation of the social economy. With the development of China's market economy, the maladies of the two yuan household system in urban and rural areas are increasingly exposed. The voice of the reform of the management system of the mouth of the mouth is rising.
This article holds that China must speed up the reform of the household registration system and establish a one yuan household registration system aimed at the freedom of migration to truly restore the rights of citizens' freedom of migration, which is not only conducive to the overall improvement of the national quality and the exertion of the expertise, especially the optimization of the allocation of labor resources, and the promotion of the process of urbanization and the nationals of China. Economic development has an important role. Therefore, the study of this paper has important practical significance and long-term strategic significance. This paper tries to elaborate on the reform of China's household registration management system from five aspects.
The first part of the introduction describes the background of the article, the practical significance of the topic selection and the research status at home and abroad.
The second part expounds the three definitions of household registration management and the theoretical basis for the establishment of the residence management system. The Marx doctrine "two kinds of production" theory tells us that the household management system must conform to the principle that human production must adapt to the production of material information. The basic force is the rational economic consideration of the comparative benefit and the cost, which explains the reasons for the migration of the population from the four aspects of the factors affecting migration, the quantity of migration, the flow direction and the characteristics of the migrants. These theories use different methods to draw the same conclusion that the household management system should follow the population migration. The objective law of migration.
The third part expounds the formation process and cause of the current account management system in China. The article expounds the forming process and root of the Chinese household registration system from the theoretical, historical and economic aspects. In the years of the lack of planned economic materials, the system of household registration management has played an important historical role. With the economic reform as the center In all aspects of social life in China, the current household registration system restricts the freedom caused by the freedom of population migration. The fourth part introduces the methods of population management in the United States, Europe and Japan. Although the foreign countries are different from the methods of population management in our country, the management of "hukou" is still the world. The most fundamental social management system in the world is different. Many developed countries rely on the means of the market plus the legal system, which are more effective and reasonable than the single "administrative examination and approval" means in our country. It is worth our reference.
The fifth part expounds the necessity, feasibility, reform of the current household registration system and the realization of freedom of migration is the basic requirement for human survival. The current household registration system violates the basic requirements of the operation of the market economy, hinders the process of urbanization in China and hinders the surplus labor in the countryside. Space transfer has caused confusion in management, and the necessity of reform is self-evident. With the increasingly comprehensive and deep reform and opening up, the operation mechanism of the Chinese market economy is basically completed, the peak of the population growth has passed, the people's ability to bear the reform has been continuously strengthened, and the relevant policies of the state have been constantly adjusted and introduced to reform the current households in China. Population management system and the conditions for establishing a free-migration household registration system have basically matured.
The sixth part puts forward the goal and steps of establishing "the goal of the reform of the freedom of migration as the residence system, the implementation of the one dollar household registration management". The main content is to establish an identity system of household registration, the citizen has the freedom to choose to travel or settle from the place of residence independently, and the freedom of the citizen's migration is not subject to the account of the residence. The one yuan account system is a thorough reform goal, but it has a great risk. So how to control the social risk is the key to ensure the realization of the goal. It is necessary to control the risk of the reform process gradually from the two yuan system to the one yuan system. The article believes that in order to ensure the realization of the reform goal, it must follow four. The principle, in accordance with the method of progressive reform, carries out the overall decoupling of the household registration and interest, the supporting reform of the social related departments and the sound legislation of the legislation in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the reform. It is divided into three implementation stages for the control of risk: one is the implementation stage of the two yuan residence registration system between provinces and regions; and two is the condition. The implementation stage of the one yuan household registration system in the province is implemented. Three is the implementation stage of the one dollar household registration system between provinces and provinces. At the same time, we can consider different regions and have different choices at different stages.
The new meaning of this article is: first, in the relevant documents related to household registration reform in China, the general existence is the discussion of the phenomenon of the reform of the household registration system, and less on the general rule of population migration in theory. The theory of the migration law of the main population in this paper is the theory of "two kinds of production" of Marx doctrine, the theory of the model of the population flow model of the darling. The thrust tension theory has been systematically studied, which provides an important theoretical basis for the reform of the household registration system in China. Second, the reform of the Chinese household registration system is a high risk and difficult reform. The four principles of controlling risk including the decoupling of the account and the benefit as a whole, and the three gradual reform steps of controlling the risk, that is, adopt the form of residence permit, step by step from the two yuan account system to the one yuan household registration system gradually, and finally complete the reform of the national household registration system. Therefore, this paper provides the reform of China's household registration. Operable ideas and methods have certain innovation and application value.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D631.42

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