未成年人犯罪心理分析及预防

发布时间：2018-08-02 08:00

【摘要】：本文针对近年来国内外未成年人犯罪呈日渐上升趋势,未成年人心理问题发生率日渐增高的现状,从社会需要出发,将生理和心理发生急剧变化的犯罪未成年人作为研究对象,在犯罪心理学理论的指导下,阐述了当前我国未成年人犯罪的一些理论和实践问题。文章分为四部分：第一部分,探讨未成年人、未成年人犯罪、未成年人犯罪心理的内涵以及研究未成年人犯罪心理的目的和意义,并分析当前我国未成年人犯罪呈现的特点,说明预防未成年人犯罪心理发生的必要性和紧迫性。第二部分,为了更深入地剖析未成年人犯罪的心理,以更好地预防未成年人犯罪,本文进一步探讨了未成年人犯罪的心理特点,分析了认知特征、情感特征、意志特征、动机特征、个性特征等对未成年人犯罪心理形成的影响；在此基础上,从未成年人社会化过程中出现的各种特殊矛盾,如心理发展落后于生理发育的矛盾,未成年人主体与客观现实的矛盾,未成年人心理结构内部各因素的矛盾等入手,探讨了未成年人犯罪心理形成的身心基础,从理论上全方位揭示了未成年人犯罪心理形成的过程。第三部分,分析了影响未成年人犯罪心理形成的外部不良环境因素和内部不良心理因素。外部环境因素主要从家庭、学校、社会这三个容易引发未成年人犯罪心理的因素进行阐述。首先,不良的家庭因素主要包括家庭结构不完整,家庭教育模式不当,家庭氛围不和谐；其次,不良的学校因素包括教学管理体制不健全,教育内容不科学,同伴群体的不良影响；再次,不良的社会环境因素包括社会转型的消极影响,社区的负面影响,不良文化的影响。内部心理因素包括逆反心理,从众心理,好奇心理和模仿心理。第四部分,针对影响未成年人的外部不良环境因素和内部不良心理因素,提出未成年人犯罪心理的预防对策。从外部对策上来讲,一要营造温馨的家庭氛围,二要重点发挥学校的教育功能,三要打造健康的社会环境；从内部对策上讲,要提高未成年人的自我意识水平。本文在研究方法上采用案例分析法、经验总结法和文献分析法,期望通过对未成年人犯罪心理特征、犯罪心理形成原因以及犯罪心理预防的研究,揭示未成年人犯罪心理形成的内在本质,丰富和完善现有的犯罪心理学体系,并为家庭、学校等对未成年人进行正确的教育,培养健全人格,促进未成年人的健康成长提供理论指导,以便有效地预防和控制未成年人犯罪的发生。
[Abstract]:In view of the rising trend of juvenile delinquency and the increasing incidence of psychological problems of minors at home and abroad in recent years, starting from the social needs, this paper takes juvenile delinquents whose physiology and psychology change dramatically as the research object. Under the guidance of the theory of criminal psychology, this paper expounds some theoretical and practical problems of juvenile delinquency in China. The article is divided into four parts: the first part discusses the connotation of juvenile delinquency psychology and the purpose and significance of studying juvenile delinquency psychology. The characteristics of juvenile delinquency in China are analyzed, and the necessity and urgency of preventing juvenile delinquency are explained. In the second part, in order to analyze the psychology of juvenile delinquency and prevent juvenile delinquency better, this paper further discusses the psychological characteristics of juvenile delinquency, analyzes the cognitive characteristics, emotional characteristics, and will characteristics. On the basis of the influence of the characteristics of motive and personality on the formation of juvenile's criminal psychology, various special contradictions, such as the contradiction that the psychological development lags behind the physiological development, appear in the process of the minors' socialization. Starting with the contradiction between the subject and the objective reality of the minor and the contradiction of the various factors within the psychological structure of the minor, this paper probes into the mental and physical basis of the formation of the juvenile's criminal psychology. Theoretically, it reveals the forming process of juvenile delinquency psychology. The third part analyzes the external adverse environmental factors and internal bad psychological factors that affect the formation of juvenile delinquency psychology. External environmental factors mainly from the family, school, society, which are prone to lead to juvenile delinquency psychological factors. First of all, the bad family factors mainly include incomplete family structure, improper family education model and unharmonious family atmosphere. Secondly, the bad school factors include the imperfect teaching management system, the unscientific content of education. Thirdly, the negative social environmental factors include the negative influence of social transformation, the negative influence of community, and the influence of bad culture. Internal psychological factors include reverse psychology, herd psychology, curiosity and imitation psychology. The fourth part, according to the external bad environment factor and the internal bad psychological factor of the minor, puts forward the prevention countermeasure of juvenile delinquency psychology. From the external countermeasures, first, to create a warm family atmosphere, second, to give play to the educational function of the school, third, to create a healthy social environment; from the internal countermeasures, to improve the level of self-awareness of minors. In this paper, case analysis method, experience summary method and literature analysis method are used to study the psychological characteristics of juvenile delinquency, the reasons for the formation of criminal psychology and the prevention of criminal psychology. To reveal the inner essence of the formation of juvenile delinquency psychology, to enrich and perfect the existing criminal psychology system, and to educate the minors correctly for their families and schools, so as to cultivate a sound personality. To promote the healthy growth of minors to provide theoretical guidance in order to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of juvenile delinquency.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D917.2

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