贿赂犯罪侦查中的讯问策略

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:29

【摘要】： 贿赂犯罪主要是国家工作人员实施的贪利性职务犯罪，这类犯罪不仅严重地损害国家工作人员的职务廉洁性，极大地败坏国家工作人员的声誉，损害党和政府在人民心目中的威信，而且通常还严重的侵犯公私财产所有权，因而具有严重的社会危害性。我国历来重视对此类犯罪的惩治，近些年来，更是将打击这类犯罪作为廉政建设的重要任务。贿赂犯罪不同于其他种类的犯罪，其特点是没有特定的受害人或是受害人遭受的侵害不明显；犯罪后果不明显，案外人很难发现此类犯罪的发生；没有明显的证据可供查证，由于贿赂犯罪一般在利害关系人之间发生，事后犯罪人会销毁所有罪证，导致事后查证的困难性。正是贿赂犯罪的这些特点，，导致了在对其进行侦查过程中，一般的侦查手段无法发挥作用；特别是缺乏犯罪证据可供查证的案件中，这时候侦查讯问会发挥很大的作用，占据很重要的地位。一旦在讯问中针对犯罪嫌疑人选择了正确的突破口，制定了正确的讯问策略就很容易取得意想不到的效果。讯问历来是我国侦查破案的一种重要手段，但由于几千年来刑讯逼供的持续影响和刑事诉讼过程中部分司法工作人员的不规范操作，导致了讯问过程中违反刑事诉讼程序和侵犯犯罪嫌疑人人权的情况层出不穷，讯问这一侦查手段也受到广泛的置疑。而在97年刑法修改后，刑事诉讼日益注重程序公正和保障人权，这也导致了在一些缺乏实物证据和犯罪现场的犯罪案件讯问中，特别是在贿赂案件这种几乎无实物证据可供查实的案件讯问中，审讯人员经常因为没有科学的讯问方法和策略，导致讯问陷入僵局，无法取得突破。因此，笔者认为我们有必要在总结前人关于讯问的宝贵经验的同时，对其进行理论升华，并充分利用心理学和犯罪心理学方面的知识，针对各种贿赂案件犯罪嫌疑人的特点，思考相应的讯问策略和方法，指导我们的讯问活动。本文着重通过对贿赂犯罪嫌疑人心理的研究，结合实践中常用的侦查策略，提出笔者自己的一些观点，希望对我国贿赂犯罪中讯问策略的发展提供良好的思路。本文共分三部分：第一部分为侦查讯问概述，分别介绍了侦查讯问的概念和性质、目的和任务，对讯问的合理性和合法性进行了分析。笔者认为，侦查讯问是法律明文规定的一种侦查手段，虽然在讯问过程中容易有违反刑事诉讼程序和侵犯人权的事件发生，但不可否认它对于侦查破案，尤其是证据明显缺乏的刑事案件的侦破具有决定性的意义，我们决不可因噎废食。因此，我们有必要对侦查讯问的一些基础性问题进行分析，在对讯问的性质、目的和任务等问题深入了解的基础上，我们才能正确的认识讯问在侦查中的地位和重要性；加之对其合法性和合理性的分析，我们才能在实践中放心运用这一侦查手段。第二部分为贿赂犯罪案件的犯罪特点、证据特点和贿赂犯罪嫌疑人的心理特点研究。通过对贿赂犯罪案件的犯罪特点、证据特点的研究，我们会发现此类案件与其他犯罪案件的不同之处。在一般刑事犯罪中经常使用的其他侦查手段在此类案件中往往无能为力。因此，这就凸现出讯问在贿赂犯罪案件侦破中的重要地位和作用。讯问过程中，只有掌握犯罪嫌疑人的心理特点及其薄弱环节，才能找到正确的突破口，为侦查破案打下坚实的基础。因此，笔者对贿赂犯罪嫌疑人心理特点及其在侦查阶段的变化状况进行了研究，研究结果为下一步制定和运用适当的讯问策略打下良好的基础。第三部分为介绍侦查讯问策略的概念、运用讯问策略的方法及具体的讯问策略。笔者主要是从理清讯问策略的概念和几个基本理论问题入手，探讨在具体讯问过程中行之有效的讯问方法、有针对性的具体讯问策略问题以及为了充分运用讯问策略所需的配套措施。贿赂犯罪侦查中的讯问，因其面对的不同种类的贿赂犯罪和不同身份、类型的犯罪嫌疑人而需要采用不同的讯问策略；在审讯时我们应该具体问题，具体分析，针对不同心态的犯罪嫌疑人采用最适当的讯问策略和方法，以期取得最满意的讯问效果。笔者最后指出由于讯问工作是一把双刃剑，运用得当可以很快撕破犯罪嫌疑人的心理防线；而使用不当则可能伤及自身，形成讯问僵局，甚至造成犯罪嫌疑人逃脱罪责的严重后果。因此，为了使讯问达到最佳效果，在讯问中应当注意严格依照刑事诉讼程序办案和合理运用讯问策略等问题。
[Abstract]:Bribery crime is mainly a kind of corrupt duty crime committed by state functionaries. This kind of crime not only seriously damages the duty integrity of state functionaries, greatly damages the reputation of state functionaries, damages the prestige of the Party and the government in the people's mind, but also seriously infringes the ownership of public and private property, so it has a serious nature. China has always attached great importance to the punishment of such crimes, in recent years, it is to combat such crimes as an important task of building a clean government.
Bribery crime is different from other types of crime, which is characterized by no specific victim or victim suffered infringement is not obvious; the consequences of the crime is not obvious, it is difficult to find such a crime outside the case; there is no obvious evidence to verify, because bribery crime generally occurs between the interested parties, the offender will be sold afterwards. It is these characteristics of bribery that lead to the failure of the general means of investigation to play a role in the process of investigation. Especially in the case of lack of evidence for investigation, investigation interrogation will play a great role and occupy a very important position. It is easy to achieve unexpected results by choosing the right breakthrough point and formulating the correct interrogation strategy.
Interrogation has always been an important means of investigating and solving cases in China. However, due to the persistent influence of extorting confessions by torture for thousands of years and the irregular operation of some judicial staff in the criminal procedure, the violation of criminal procedure and the violation of the human rights of criminal suspects emerge in endlessly in the process of interrogation. After the criminal law was amended in 1997, the criminal procedure paid more and more attention to procedural justice and human rights protection, which also led to the lack of physical evidence and crime scene in some cases of interrogation, especially in bribery cases, where there is almost no physical evidence to verify the case, interrogators often because there is no section. Therefore, the author thinks it is necessary for us to summarize the valuable experience of the predecessors on interrogation, to sublimate the theory of interrogation, and to make full use of the knowledge of psychology and criminal psychology, aiming at the characteristics of the criminal suspects in various bribery cases, to think about each other. This paper focuses on the study of the psychology of the suspects in bribery crimes and the investigation strategies commonly used in practice, and puts forward some of the author's own views, hoping to provide a good idea for the development of the interrogation strategy in bribery crimes in China.
This article is divided into three parts.
The first part is an overview of investigation interrogation, introducing the concept, nature, purpose and task of investigation interrogation, and analyzing the rationality and legitimacy of interrogation. However, it is undeniable that it is of decisive significance to the investigation and resolution of criminal cases, especially those with evident lack of evidence. We must not give up food because of choking. Therefore, it is necessary for us to analyze some basic problems of investigation and interrogation, and on the basis of a thorough understanding of the nature, purpose and task of interrogation, we can only do so. Only by correctly recognizing the status and importance of interrogation in investigation and analyzing its legitimacy and rationality can we safely use this means of investigation in practice.
The second part is the characteristics of bribery cases, evidence characteristics and psychological characteristics of bribery suspects. Through the study of the characteristics of bribery cases and evidence characteristics, we will find the differences between such cases and other criminal cases. Other investigative means often used in general criminal offences are here. Therefore, this highlights the important position and role of interrogation in the detection of bribery crimes. In the process of interrogation, only by mastering the psychological characteristics and weak links of criminal suspects can we find a correct breakthrough and lay a solid foundation for the investigation and resolution of bribery crimes. The research results lay a good foundation for the further development and application of appropriate interrogation strategies.
The third part is to introduce the concept of the investigation interrogation strategy, the method of using the interrogation strategy and the specific interrogation strategy. The author mainly clarifies the concept of the interrogation strategy and several basic theoretical issues, discusses the effective interrogation method in the specific interrogation process, the specific interrogation strategy problems and for the full use of it. The interrogation in the investigation of bribery crimes needs different interrogation strategies because of the different types of bribery crimes and different identities and types of suspects. We should analyze the specific problems in the interrogation and adopt the most appropriate interrogation for the suspects with different mentality. In the end, the author points out that interrogation is a double-edged sword, which can tear the suspect's psychological defense line quickly, and improper use may hurt itself, cause interrogation deadlock, and even cause serious consequences for the suspect to escape the crime. In order to achieve the best results, we should pay attention to handling cases strictly in accordance with criminal procedure and reasonably using interrogation strategies.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D918.5

【参考文献】