我国开展社区矫正的法律问题探讨

发布时间：2018-09-02 08:12

【摘要】： 社区矫正自从20世纪60年代以来,经过近半个世纪的发展,正日趋走向成熟,顺应了刑罚制度文明发展的历史趋势,并取得了良好的社会效益。随着我国改革开放和司法体制改革的推进,依法治国思想深入人心。确立科学的行刑观,注重非监禁刑的刑罚执行,已经受到刑法学界和实务界人士的高度关注。2003年7月,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部联合下发了《关于开展社区矫正工作的通知》,决定在北京、上海、天津、江苏、浙江、山东等省市开展社区矫正试点工作,这标志着我国社区矫正试点工作正式开始。当前,全国已有25个省市区开展了试点工作,5年来的社区矫正试点,成效显著。但是,在社区矫正的司法实务过程中,人们在对社区矫正的认识上的偏差、法律的滞后以及科学技术含量较低等因素仍然制约着社区矫正的进一步发展。特别是法律滞后问题已经成为开展社区矫正面临的最大问题,并对开展社区矫正工作形成了一定阻力。积极的社区矫正司法实践,为修改和确立社区矫正法律法规创造了条件。本文首先对社区矫正的概念、基本特征、历史发展以及各国社区矫正法律规范综述等方面进行了简要介绍,并对我国社区矫正试点工作状况进行了概括,通过分析介绍,引出在我国开展社区矫正所存在的法律问题,具体从四个方面进行阐述:一是社区矫正法律依据的立法规定存在瑕疵。具体针对最高人民检察院、最高人民法院、公安部、司法部联合下发的《关于开展社区矫正试点工作的通知》的合法性进行探讨。二是社区矫正工作中对公益劳动的相关规定不合法。三是社区矫正主体的规定不合法。四是社区矫正对象适用范围不合理。具体阐述了剥夺政治权利者不应纳入社区矫正,社区矫正与劳动教养在使用范围上有冲突等;五是社区矫正工作的程序性规定缺失。针对以上所存在的这些法律问题,联系司法实务,提出了立法和制度完善方面的构想,具体而言,有以下几个方面:一是要赋予司法行政机关执法权。作为司法社区矫正试点工作的具体执行机关,在法律上却没有执法权,而公安机关又不适合作为刑罚执行的主体,因而提出赋予司法行政机关执法权。二是要增设社区服务刑。文章对社区服务刑的概念与特征、增设社区服务刑的必要性以及立法设想均作了详细的表述,并对社区服务刑的立法形式、适用条件、服刑时间、内容和场所都作了说明。三是要扩大社区矫正适用范围。要不断完善关于管制、缓刑、假释、监外执行等方面的立法。四要提供社区矫正程序保障。具体针对社区矫正试点工作中的判决裁定阶段、社区矫正决定与执行之间的衔接阶段、社区矫正的结束或撤销阶段,进行了不同的程序保障设想。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, community correction, after nearly half a century of development, is increasingly maturing, conforming to the historical trend of the development of the penal system civilization, and has achieved good social benefits. With the development of reform and opening-up and judicial system reform, the thought of governing the country according to law is deeply rooted in people's heart. Establishing a scientific view of execution and paying attention to the execution of penalties other than imprisonment have received great attention from the criminal law and practical circles. In July 2003, the Supreme people's Court, the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, The Ministry of Justice jointly issued the notice on Community Correction, and decided to carry out the pilot work of Community Correction in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and other provinces and cities, which marked the formal start of the pilot work of Community Correction in China. At present, 25 provinces and municipalities across the country have carried out pilot work, 5 years of community correction pilot, remarkable results. However, in the process of judicial practice of community correction, the deviation of people's understanding of community correction, the lag of law and the low content of science and technology still restrict the further development of community correction. Especially, the problem of legal lag has become the biggest problem that community correction faces, and it has formed some resistance to the development of community correction work. The positive judicial practice of community correction creates conditions for amending and establishing laws and regulations of community correction. In this paper, the concept of community correction, basic characteristics, historical development and legal norms of community correction in various countries are briefly introduced, and the status of the pilot work of community correction in China is summarized. This paper draws out the legal problems in developing community correction in our country, and expounds it from four aspects: first, there are defects in the legislative provisions of the legal basis of community correction. This paper probes into the legality of the circular issued jointly by the Supreme people's Procuratorate, the Supreme people's Court, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on developing the pilot work of community correction. Second, the community correction work on public welfare labor related provisions are illegal. Third, the regulation of community correction subject is illegal. Fourth, the scope of application of community correction objects is unreasonable. This paper specifically expounds that people deprived of political rights should not be included in community correction, that there is conflict between community correction and reeducation through labor in the scope of use, and the fifth is the lack of procedural provisions in community correction. In view of the above legal problems, this paper puts forward the conception of legislation and system perfection in connection with the judicial practice. In particular, there are the following aspects: first, we should give the judicial administrative organs the power to enforce the law. As the concrete executive organ of the trial work of judicial community correction, there is no law enforcement power in the law, and the public security organ is not suitable as the subject of penalty enforcement, so it is proposed to give the judicial administrative organ the power to enforce the law. Second, community service penalty should be added. This paper gives a detailed description of the concept and characteristics of community service penalty, the necessity of adding community service penalty and the legislative assumption, and explains the legislative form, applicable conditions, serving time, content and place of community service penalty. Third, it is necessary to expand the scope of application of community correction. We should constantly improve the legislation on regulation, probation, parole and execution outside prison. Fourth, to provide community correction procedures. Aiming at the stage of judgment and ruling in the pilot work of community correction, the connecting stage between the decision of community correction and the execution, and the stage of termination or revocation of community correction, different procedural guarantees are envisaged.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D926.8

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