肺组织中水通道蛋白1和溺死的研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 14:22
【摘要】：背景:溺死是指淹没于液体之中发生的死亡。其机制是液体进入并堵塞呼吸道,阻碍气体交换,造成体内缺氧和二氧化碳潴留,人体因阻塞性窒息而死亡。据调查报告,每年全世界因溺死死亡人数达十万分之三点五,对于未成年人,溺死排在意外死亡的第二位。我国沿海、江河地区溺死案件甚多,据部分省市统计,水中尸体占法医尸体检验的20%,且存在为数不少的他杀案件。因此,对于水中发现的尸体,皆应进行法医学的仔细检验,准确判断是生前溺死还是死后抛尸入水,或是其它原因,诸如水中瘁死等。 溺死的鉴定目前在诊断和机制方面,仍存在许多问题,尚待研究。以硅藻检验为例,该方法对于溺死的判定有甚重要作用,但存在假阳性和假阴性的问题,其它的检验方法,更经不住推敲,对溺死的死亡机制认识不清楚,对溺死作出科学、准确的法医学鉴定方法尚需进一步完善。 为满足法医检验实践的迫切需要,运用当前的分子生物学的新理论和技术对溺死进行研究,值得法医病理学家重视,在分子生物学方面,水通道蛋白(Aquaporin)的发现及相关的研究成果为突破溺死研究方面的难题提供了一种可能。 水通道蛋白是Agre等(1988年)发现的一种新的膜蛋白,分子量约30kD左右,至今已经发现了十种亚型,按顺序分别命名为AQP0～AQP9,逐渐成为一个大家族。水通道蛋白对水的通过有特殊通过性,通过基因敲除等实验发现它可以成几十倍、几百倍地加快水的转运,对各种离子不具有这种通过性,它们发挥这一功能不需要消耗能量,不受温度、质膜成分的影响,水的通过仅需质膜两侧存在渗透压差。目前水通道蛋白1(Aquaporin-1,AQP-1)在肺组织
[Abstract]:Background: drowning is death that occurs when submerged in a liquid. The mechanism is that the fluid enters and blocks the respiratory tract, blocks the gas exchange, causes the body to lack oxygen and carbon dioxide retention, and the human body dies from obstructive asphyxia. According to the survey, the number of deaths caused by drowning in the world reaches 3.5/100000 every year, and drowning ranks second among minors in accidental deaths. There are many cases of drowning in coastal and river areas of China. According to statistics of some provinces and cities, corpses in water account for 20% of corpses examined by forensic doctors, and there are quite a few cases of homicide. Therefore, the bodies found in water should be carefully examined by forensic medicine to determine accurately whether they were drowned or dumped into the water, or for other reasons, such as sudden death in water, and so on. There are still many problems in the diagnosis and mechanism of drowning. Taking diatom test as an example, this method plays an important role in the determination of drowning, but there are some problems of false positive and false negative. Other testing methods can not withstand scrutiny, and the mechanism of drowning death is not clear, and the science of drowning is made. The accurate forensic identification method needs to be further improved. In order to meet the urgent need of forensic examination practice, the study of drowning by using the new theories and techniques of molecular biology is worthy of the attention of forensic pathologists. The discovery of aquaporin (Aquaporin) and related research results provide a possibility for breakthrough of drowning research. Aquaporin is a new membrane protein discovered by Agre et al. (1988). Its molecular weight is about 30kD. So far, ten subtypes have been discovered and named AQP0~AQP9, gradually as a large family. Aquaporins have a special ability to pass through water, and through experiments such as gene knockout, it is found that they can speed up water transport by tens, hundreds times, and do not have this kind of transportability to various ions, and they do not need to consume energy to perform this function. Water only needs osmotic pressure difference on both sides of plasma membrane without the influence of temperature and plasma membrane composition. Present aquaporin-1 (Aquaporin-1,AQP-1) in lung tissue
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D919
[Abstract]:Background: drowning is death that occurs when submerged in a liquid. The mechanism is that the fluid enters and blocks the respiratory tract, blocks the gas exchange, causes the body to lack oxygen and carbon dioxide retention, and the human body dies from obstructive asphyxia. According to the survey, the number of deaths caused by drowning in the world reaches 3.5/100000 every year, and drowning ranks second among minors in accidental deaths. There are many cases of drowning in coastal and river areas of China. According to statistics of some provinces and cities, corpses in water account for 20% of corpses examined by forensic doctors, and there are quite a few cases of homicide. Therefore, the bodies found in water should be carefully examined by forensic medicine to determine accurately whether they were drowned or dumped into the water, or for other reasons, such as sudden death in water, and so on. There are still many problems in the diagnosis and mechanism of drowning. Taking diatom test as an example, this method plays an important role in the determination of drowning, but there are some problems of false positive and false negative. Other testing methods can not withstand scrutiny, and the mechanism of drowning death is not clear, and the science of drowning is made. The accurate forensic identification method needs to be further improved. In order to meet the urgent need of forensic examination practice, the study of drowning by using the new theories and techniques of molecular biology is worthy of the attention of forensic pathologists. The discovery of aquaporin (Aquaporin) and related research results provide a possibility for breakthrough of drowning research. Aquaporin is a new membrane protein discovered by Agre et al. (1988). Its molecular weight is about 30kD. So far, ten subtypes have been discovered and named AQP0~AQP9, gradually as a large family. Aquaporins have a special ability to pass through water, and through experiments such as gene knockout, it is found that they can speed up water transport by tens, hundreds times, and do not have this kind of transportability to various ions, and they do not need to consume energy to perform this function. Water only needs osmotic pressure difference on both sides of plasma membrane without the influence of temperature and plasma membrane composition. Present aquaporin-1 (Aquaporin-1,AQP-1) in lung tissue
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D919
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