期待可能性理论解读

发布时间：2019-01-11 14:58

【摘要】： 期待可能性理论，是大陆法系国家，特别是德国和日本当今刑法界主流的刑事责任理论——规范责任论的核心理论。这一理论发轫于1897年3月23日德意志帝国法院第四刑事部关于“癖马案”所著的判例，而后因迈耶、弗兰克、戈德史密特、施米特等诸多规范责任论学者不断加以研讨升华，费时20余年才在德国取代心理责任论，成为罪责理论的通说。在昭和初期由木村龟二、泷川幸辰、左伯千仞等学者导入日本，被刑法学界普遍接受，更加以鼓吹，使期待可能性理论的架构更趋成熟。二次世界大战之后，成为刑事责任理论中的时代宠儿，风靡大陆法系各国，而有危机理论称号。本文即以此理论作为对象，对之进行多角度，多方位但并非面面俱到的剖析与诠释，以期提升国人对这一极具感性的刑事责任理论的注意。本文除引言和结论之外，，共分六章。第一章期待可能性概念分析。本章将期待可能性在大陆法系犯罪论体系中的概念和在我国犯罪论体系中的概念，加以分别研讨，认为期待可能性在大陆法系中的概念，应如是表述：所谓期待可能性，是指从实施行为时的外部和内部情况看，可以期待具有刑事责任能力的行为人不故意或过失地实施构成要件该当的违法行为；而在我国犯罪论体系下，期待可能性的概念可以表述为：所谓期待可能性，是指从实施行为时的内部和外部情况看，能够期待符合犯罪主体要件的行为人不故意或过失的实施符合刑法分则字面规定的行为。第二章期待可能性理论的历史与现状。本章主要论述了期待可能性理论的演进历程，但同时也对这一理论形成前反映期待可能性思想的火花进行了考察，另外还对我国以及英美法系、俄罗斯刑法中期待可能性思想萌芽作了分析与介绍。第三章期待可能性理论的规范省察。本章对我国、德国、意大利、日本、台湾、澳门地区刑法进行了考察，检索了一些反映期待可能性思想的条文，并对之加以简单的归类和分析。第四章期待可能性在犯罪论体系中的地位。本章将期待可能性在我国犯罪论体系和大陆法系犯罪论系体系中的地位加以了较为简要的分析，指出在WP=3大陆法系犯罪论中，期待可能性应该属于有责性的第三积极要素，在我国犯罪论体系中属于犯罪主观方面的积极评价要素。第五章期待可能性理论的理性分析。本章从相对自由意志论，刑法的宽容性和谦抑性、罪刑法定和罪刑关系四个视角，对期待可能性理论进行了较为详尽的分析。第六章期待可能性的判断。本章分析了影响期待可能性的因素，期待可能性的判断规则、限度及标准。
[Abstract]:The theory of expected possibility is the core theory of normative liability theory, which is the mainstream theory of criminal liability in civil law countries, especially in Germany and Japan. This theory originated on March 23, 1897, in the jurisprudence of the fourth Criminal Department of the German Reich Court in the case of "the fetish horse case," and was constantly studied and sublimated by many scholars of normative responsibility, such as Meyer, Frank, Goldsmith, Schmitt, and so on. It took more than 20 years to replace the theory of psychological responsibility in Germany. At the beginning of Zhaohe period, the scholars, such as Takimura, Taki, Taki and Taki, were introduced into Japan, which were generally accepted by the criminal law circles and advocated, so that the framework of the theory of expectation possibility became more mature. After the second World War, he became the favorite of the criminal liability theory, popular in the continental law system countries, and has the title of crisis theory. This article takes this theory as the object, carries on the multi-angle, multi-directional but not the all-around analysis and the annotation, in order to promote the Chinese to this extremely perceptual criminal responsibility theory attention. In addition to the introduction and conclusions, this paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an analysis of the concept of expectation possibility. This chapter discusses the concept of expectation possibility in the criminal system of the continental law system and the concept in the crime theory system of our country respectively, and holds that the concept of the expectation possibility in the civil law system should be expressed as follows: the so-called expected possibility. It refers to the external and internal situation when the act is carried out, it can be expected that the perpetrator who has the criminal responsibility capacity unintentionally or negligently carries out the illegal act which should be considered in the constitutive elements; Under the criminal theory system of our country, the concept of expectation possibility can be expressed as: the so-called expectation possibility refers to the internal and external situation when the act is carried out. Can expect to meet the main elements of the crime of the perpetrator unintentionally or negligently in accordance with the criminal law provisions of the literal act. The second chapter is the history and present situation of the theory of expectation possibility. This chapter mainly discusses the evolution of the theory of the possibility of expectation, but at the same time, it also examines the sparks that reflect the thought of the possibility of expectation before the formation of the theory, in addition to our country and the Anglo-American legal system. This paper analyzes and introduces the budding thought of expectation possibility in Russian criminal law. The third chapter is about the normative review of the theory of expectation possibility. This chapter investigates the criminal law of China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan and Macao, retrieves some articles which reflect the thought of the possibility of expectation, and makes a simple classification and analysis of the criminal law of China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Taiwan and Macao. Chapter four: the position of expectation possibility in the system of crime theory. This chapter makes a brief analysis of the position of the expected possibility in the crime theory system of our country and the civil law system, and points out that in the crime theory of WP=3 civil law system, the expected possibility should belong to the third positive element of responsibility. In our country crime theory system belongs to the crime subjective aspect positive appraisal factor. The fifth chapter is the rational analysis of the theory of expectation possibility. This chapter makes a detailed analysis of the theory of the possibility of expectation from the view of relative free will theory, tolerance and modesty of criminal law, punishment of crime and the relationship between crime and punishment. The sixth chapter is the judgment of expectation possibility. This chapter analyzes the factors that influence the possibility of expectation, the rules, limits and standards of the possibility of expectation.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：D917

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