社会分层视野下侦查方法改革研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 00:10

【摘要】：社会分层在社会学里,社会分层指的是依据一定具有社会意义的属性,一个社会成员被区分为高低有序的不同的等级、层次的过程和现象。它是社会学领域中的一个基本概念，处于社会结构的核心位置。社会分层研究的主要是社会结构、社会流动及社会变迁等问题。中西方学者、社会学家根据不同的标准把社会中的阶层分门别类并各自提出了代表性的观点，西方社会学的代表观点有马克思的一元分层模式、韦伯的三元分层模式等，当代中国社会学的代表观点有结构分析论、资源配置论及主观分层论等。方法被侦查主体运用于侦查过程即构成了侦查方法，侦查方法具有系统性、可选择性、工具性等特征，其类型可分为一般的与专门的侦查方法、主动型与被动型侦查方法等。侦查方法对侦查效率的提高起着直接的作用，所以侦查方法在侦查活动中占有重要的地位。侦查方法与社会分层之间的关系在中外历史上都经历了很长的历史发展时期，从我国古代的立法活动、法律法条以及侦查活动等方面中都散发着浓烈的分层气息，当然这种现象在古代的西方同样也存在。时至今日，社会分层作为一种结构性和普遍性的社会分化，使不同社会主体之间的需要、利益、价值观念等产生差异甚至冲突，于是便出现了社会冲突，最严重的表现形式是犯罪行为。于是，侦查作为打击犯罪及维护社会秩序的手段，就有了存在的现实性、合理性和必要性。但在日益复杂的社会背景及刑事犯罪升级压力下，侦查方法捉襟见肘，侦查方法的单一性、滞后性、不规范性等局限性凸显，同时也面临着犯罪态势严峻、犯罪数量及类型激增等问题，侦查方法的改革就显得愈发的重要，笔者认为侦查方法改革，必须坚持效率与公正并重，，打击犯罪的同时也要保障人权；围绕着侦查能力的提高和侦查法治化的推进，实现侦查理论化、法治化、科学化；也要坚持侦查方法改革和侦查程序、侦查体制与侦查业务共同发展；等等。
[Abstract]:Social stratification in sociology, social stratification refers to a social member is divided into high and low orderly different levels, hierarchical processes and phenomena according to certain attributes of social significance. It is a basic concept in the field of sociology and is in the core position of social structure. The study of social stratification is mainly about social structure, social mobility and social change. According to different standards, Chinese and western scholars and sociologists have classified the strata in society and put forward their own representative viewpoints. The representative views of western sociology are Marx's univariate stratification model, Weber's ternary stratification model and so on. The representative viewpoints of contemporary Chinese sociology include structural analysis, resource allocation and subjective stratification. The method is used by the main body of investigation in the process of investigation, which constitutes the investigation method. The investigation method has the characteristics of systematicness, selectivity and instrumentality. Its types can be divided into general and special investigation methods, active and passive investigation methods and so on. Investigation methods play a direct role in improving the efficiency of investigation, so investigation methods play an important role in investigation activities. The relationship between investigation methods and social stratification has experienced a long period of historical development in the history of China and foreign countries. From the aspects of ancient legislative activities, legal laws and investigation activities in China, there is a strong atmosphere of stratification. Of course, this phenomenon also existed in the ancient West. Up to now, social stratification, as a kind of structural and universal social differentiation, makes the needs, interests, values and so on between different social subjects differ or even conflict, so there will be social conflicts. The most serious form of expression is criminal behavior. Therefore, investigation, as a means of cracking down on crime and maintaining social order, has the reality, rationality and necessity of existence. However, under the increasingly complex social background and the pressure of criminal crime escalation, the investigation methods are stretched, the oneness, lag and non-standardization of the investigation methods are prominent, and at the same time, they are also facing the serious situation of crime. The reform of investigation methods is becoming more and more important because of the surge in the number and type of crimes. The author believes that the reform of investigation methods must attach equal importance to efficiency and justice, and at the same time protect human rights while cracking down on crimes. Around the improvement of investigation ability and the promotion of investigation rule of law, we should realize the theory, rule of law and scientization of investigation; we should also adhere to the reform of investigation methods and investigation procedures, the common development of investigation system and investigation business, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D918.2

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