论网络犯罪的心理预防

发布时间：2019-05-22 00:04

【摘要】：据中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）最新统计报告，到2003年年底，我国网民人数达到了近八千万，上网计算机达到三千多万台。网络的普及，带来了资讯的便利，也带来了新的犯罪类型，防治网络犯罪，已经成为犯罪学、刑法学必须面对的课题之一。治理犯罪的根本途径是犯罪预防。而预防犯罪不仅需要外在的社会控制，更需要人的理性的指引。尤其对网络犯罪而言，这一犯罪的主体多是“孤军作战”，面对的通常只是网络这个虚拟世界，绝大多数是深思熟虑的故意的犯罪，心理预防就成为网络犯罪预防中极为重要的一方面。本文借鉴犯罪学、刑法学、心理学和计算机科学等学科的理论和方法，从网络犯罪的心理分析入手，论述网络犯罪形成的外在条件、内在条件及其它条件。从而对症下药提出网络犯罪的心理预防措施。网络犯罪心理形成的外在条件包括：第一，立法和执法的相对落后及各国司法标准不一，这是网络犯罪心理形成的主要外在条件。犯了罪而可能不受处罚——这让犯罪分子的侥幸心理极度膨胀；对网络犯罪的打击力度不够也无疑助长了网络犯罪人犯罪心理的形成。第二，人们对网络犯罪行为的评判。这应该是网络犯罪所独有的特点——犯罪行为居然会受到赞扬，这使网络犯罪人没有了罪恶感，甚至混淆了遵纪守法和犯罪的界限。第三，互联网本身的缺陷。网络的共享给善良人们方便的同时，也给破坏分子以机会。第四，被害人因素，被害人不报案或者不合作是造成隐案居高不下的主要原因,也使网络犯罪人更加嚣张。网络犯罪心理形成的内在条件包括：第一，缺少罪恶感。第二，强烈的好奇心与表现欲。第三，过于自信、在诱惑面前缺乏抵抗力。第四，不计后果或对后果认识不足。在心理分析的基础上，本文详细论述了与网络犯罪的心理预防相关的措施。由于网络犯罪的心理预防是一个体系，它不仅包括犯罪个体的心理 WP=41 塑造，还包括会影响到犯罪心理的环境、规章制度等等各个方面。本文以采取措施的主体分类，分别从犯罪心理的社会预防、犯罪心理的政府预防及犯罪心理的个体预防三个方面来加以论述，并以个体预防为文章重点。在网络犯罪心理的社会预防中主要论述了建设健康的网络文化和净化网络环境两个方面的内容，由于政府预防的国家机器等特征，笔者将其单列在后论述。第一，建设健康的网络文化。我国传统文化一直提倡整体至上，重义轻利。改革开放和市场经济发展促使人们的价值更新和多元化，市场经济的体制结构在客观上倾向于个性发展和注重效益的功利观念。网络空间是一种技术——文化现象，网络空间如何发展、虚拟生活如何进行，取决于相关利益群体的选择。如果能够建设一种健康向上的社会文化，人们上网都能以选择积极的方式为德行，抵制不健康的甚至侵害他人权利的行为，那么网络犯罪的心理就可以在大文化的熏陶下慢慢向良性发展。笔者希望能够引发普遍的关注和讨论，激发人们去思考“如何选择一种更好的虚拟生活”。并为此提出了一些可行性措施。第二，净化网络环境。控制易于引发犯罪的外部环境就是我们预防和控制犯罪的重要方式和途径。一位传媒学家曾说过，任何技术都倾向于创造一个新的人类环境。网络是一种公共资源，又因其虚拟性而更加难以控制。笔者就网络环境的净化提出两个建议措施：加强网站的行业自律；规范推广监管技术。而最根本的是要与主体控制相结合。在网络犯罪心理的政府预防中论述了加强行政管理、规范网络经济约束、提高治安预防水平和完善法律规范四个方面的内容。第一，加强行政管理可以有效的遏制犯罪心理的发生。加强对计算机信息的保护工作、加强信息技术行业管理，加强培养与训练司法机关中专门与计算机犯罪作斗争的人才是行政管理的主要内容。第二，规范网络经济约束的主要内容是建立有效的监督机制。监督机制是保证人力、物力和财力的合理开发和有效利用的重要手段，，也是制约经济活动、减少和防止犯罪的有力武器。行 WP=42 政管理的规范化，对网络经济约束的加强，可以减少犯罪发生的条件，从而有效的遏制网络犯罪心理的产生。第三，提高治安预防水平。由于网络的高隐蔽性等特点，很多网络犯罪人自恃手段高明，以为纵然被发现是自己做的也难有证据对其定罪而有恃无恐。提高治安预防水平，令犯罪分子知道“魔高一尺，道高一丈”、“法网恢恢，疏而不漏”，对受惩罚的恐惧可以减少网络犯罪心理的发生。提高治安预防水平的措施很多，如建立专门的打击计算机犯罪的组织机构；对在职的法官、检察官以及律师进行轮训及培训；加强国际国内的交流合作等。第四，完善法律规范。完善立法是打击犯罪的最根本之处，对犯罪分子最有威慑力。笔者经过长久的思索并借鉴了一些学者的理论，在这里提出了一些完善法律的建议：增加单位为计算机犯罪的主体；破坏计算机信息系统罪中增加过失犯罪；受保护的计算机信息系统范围应当有所增加，不仅限于现有刑法规定的种类；对计算机犯罪增加资格刑和罚金刑的刑罚种类，这对惩罚计算机犯罪会更显成效。个体预防是网络心理预防中不可忽视的一个方面，这是一个长期建设的课题，需要在实践中不断摸索以寻求更加有效的方式。这部分论述了伦理、心理、行
[Abstract]:According to the latest statistical report of CNNIC, the number of Internet users in our country has reached nearly 80 million by the end of 2003, with more than 30 million Internet computers. The popularization of network, the convenience of information, the new type of crime and the prevention and control of network crime have become one of the subject of criminology and criminal law. the root of the crime of governance This approach is crime prevention. Crime prevention requires not only external social control, but also The main body of this crime is the "single-military operation", especially in the case of network crime. The main body of this crime is the virtual world of the network, most of it is the deliberate and deliberate crime, and the psychological prevention becomes the network crime prevention This paper, based on the theory and method of criminology, criminal law, psychology and computer science, discusses the network crime from the psychological analysis of the network crime. The external conditions, the internal conditions and other conditions that are formed. The mental and preventive measures of network crime are put forward in this paper. The external conditions of the formation of the network crime include: the first, the relative backward of the legislation and the law enforcement; The standards of the administration of justice are different, which is the main external condition of the formation of the network crime. The blow to the crime is not enough, and it certainly encourages the network The formation of the criminal psychology of the offender. Second, the people's judgment on the criminal act of the network. This should be the characteristic of the network crime. It should be praised, which makes the net The perpetrators have no guilt, but they are very To confounded the boundaries of compliance and crime. Third, the Internet itself is a flaw The sharing of the network gives good people the convenience, and also gives the spoilers the opportunity. Fourth, the victim factor, the victim does not report or does not cooperate It is the main cause of the high hidden case, and also makes the network criminals more clamor Zhang. Network offender The inner conditions of the formation of the crime of the crime include the first, the lack of sin A sense of evil. Second, strong curiosity and desire. Third, overconfidence, lack of resistance in front of the temptations. Fourth, no consequence or knowledge of the consequences. Not enough. On the basis of the psychological analysis, this article is discussed in detail. network-related crime The psychological prevention of network crime is a system, it Not only the psychological WP of the individual of the crime is shaped, but also the environment, the rules and regulations that affect the criminal psychology, etc. On the basis of the main classification of the measures, this paper discusses the three aspects of the prevention of the crime, the prevention of the crime and the individual prevention of the crime, and the individual prevention as the article. Focus on. The key to the social prevention of the network crime psychology is the construction of Jian Jian The contents of the two aspects of the network culture and the purification of the network environment of the government, due to the government's prevention of the national machinery and other features, the author put it in a single column in the post-discussion. First, to build a healthy network The traditional culture of our country has always promoted the whole to the first and the sense of justice and light. The reform and opening-up and the development of the market economy have contributed to the value renewal and the multi-value of the people The system structure of the market economy, which is a kind of technology _ cultural phenomenon, how to develop the cyberspace and how to make the virtual life, depends on the choice of the relevant benefit group. In order to build a healthy and upward social culture, people can choose an active way to act as a virtue line, resist unhealthy and even infringe on the rights of others, so the psychology of the network crime can be in the large text To develop slowly to the benign under the influence of the edification. The people want to be able to trigger the general Pay attention to and discuss, inspire people to think of "How to Choose a Be" Tter Virtual Life ". Some of the feasibility measures. Second, clean the network environment. Control is easy to trigger The external environment of the crime is the important way and way to prevent and control the crime. He has a tendency to create a new human ring The network is a kind of public resource, and it is more difficult to control because of its virtuality. The author puts forward two suggestions on the purification of the network environment: to strengthen the industry self-discipline of the website; The most fundamental is to combine with the control of the subject. This paper discusses the four aspects of strengthening the administrative management, regulating the network economic restriction, improving the level of public order prevention and perfecting the legal norm in the government prevention of the network crime psychology. First, the strengthening of administrative management can effectively contain the occurrence of criminal psychology. Strengthening the protection of computer information, strengthening the management of information technology industry, strengthening the training and training of the personnel specially engaged in the fight against computer crime is the line the government the principal part of management Second, the main content of the regulation of network economic constraint is to establish an effective supervision mechanism. The supervision mechanism is the reasonable guarantee of human, material and financial resources. Important means of development and effective use It is also a powerful weapon that restricts economic activity, reduces and prevents crime. The standardization of the administration and the strengthening of the network economic constraint can reduce the conditions of the crime, so as to effectively restrain the generation of the network crime. "It's a tall one. It's a tall one.", "The net of the law is too lo ng, and it's Leaking. ", the fear of being punished can be reduced The occurrence of the network crime is a lot of measures to improve the level of security and prevention, such as the establishment of a special organization for the purpose of combating computer crime; training and training for judges, prosecutors and lawyers in the service; and strengthening the exchange and cooperation of the international community, etc. Fourth, perfect the legal norms. Good legislation is the most basic of the crime, and the most deterrent to the criminals. The author has long thought and used the theory of some scholars, here Some suggestions to improve the law are put forward: the unit is the main body of the computer crime, the crime of the computer information system is destroyed, the crime of the crime is increased, and the protected computer information system The scope of the system should be increased, not only
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D917

【引证文献】