未成年人犯罪司法制度之完善

发布时间：2019-06-06 19:21

【摘要】：我国未成年人犯罪形势日趋严峻并不断呈现低龄化趋势,对社会的可持续发展造成严重威胁,社会各界均对此高度重视。由于未成年人身心均未成熟,以宽严相济刑事政策为指导,完善未成年人犯罪司法制度,对于犯罪未成年人重新回归社会主流,促进社会和谐均有积极的意义,也符合我国对未成年犯罪人实行教育、感化、挽救的方针,和坚持教育为主、惩罚为辅的原则。目前司法实践中对未成年犯罪人适用宽严相济刑事政策存在的问题较多：未成年人犯罪专门司法机构的设置没有统一；现有的未成年犯罪侦查制度、检察制度、审判制度、刑罚执行制度方面还有不合理、司法人员执法起来无具体标准的地方；对未成年犯罪人的权利保护意识不强。要完善符合未成年人身心特点未成年人犯罪司法制度,首先要建立有独立建制的未成年人犯罪专门司法机构,建立起相应的少年公安、少年检察、少年法庭制度；未成年人犯罪侦查制度方面要完善撤案制度和全面调查制度；未成年人犯罪起诉制度方面要完善相对不起诉制度和暂缓起诉制度；未成年人犯罪审判制度方面要扩大缓刑的适用范围和推行暂缓判决制度；未成年人犯罪刑罚执行制度方面要放宽减刑、假释的适用条件、完善社区矫正制度；对未成年犯罪人保护性司法制度方面要完善未成年犯罪嫌疑人的法定代理人制度和建立前科消灭制度。
[Abstract]:The situation of juvenile delinquency in China is becoming more and more serious and showing a trend of youth, which poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of society, which is attached great importance to by all sectors of society. As minors are not mature in body and mind, it is of positive significance to perfect the judicial system of juvenile delinquency under the guidance of the criminal policy of lenient and strict combination, which is of positive significance for the return of juvenile delinquents to the mainstream of society and the promotion of social harmony. It is also in line with the principle of education, probation and rescue for underage criminals in our country, and adhere to the principle of education as the main and punishment as the auxiliary. At present, there are many problems in the application of the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity to juvenile delinquents in judicial practice: there is no unity in the establishment of special judicial institutions for juvenile delinquency; The existing juvenile crime investigation system, procuratorial system, trial system and penalty execution system are still unreasonable, there are no specific standards for judicial personnel to enforce the law, and the awareness of the protection of the rights of underage criminals is not strong. In order to perfect the judicial system of juvenile delinquency in accordance with the physical and mental characteristics of minors, it is necessary to establish a special judicial institution for juvenile delinquency with an independent system, and establish a corresponding juvenile public security, juvenile procuratorial and juvenile court system. In the aspect of investigation system of juvenile delinquency, we should perfect the system of withdrawal and comprehensive investigation, and the system of prosecution of juvenile delinquency should perfect the system of relative non-prosecution and the system of suspending prosecution. In the aspect of juvenile delinquency trial system, it is necessary to expand the scope of application of suspended sentence and carry out suspended judgment system, relax the applicable conditions of commutation and parole, and perfect the community correction system in the execution system of juvenile delinquency penalty. In the aspect of protective judicial system for underage criminals, it is necessary to perfect the legal representative system of juvenile criminal suspects and establish the system of extermination of criminal record.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D669.5;D926.8

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