论我国刑事司法鉴定制度的完善

发布时间：2019-06-20 16:09

【摘要】：司法鉴定制度是司法制度的重要组成部分，是其他司法活动的保障制度，对于减少冤假错案的发生，深化人权理念等均有现实意义，是顺应法治精神的重要表现。因此，如何完善我国刑事司法鉴定制度，合理设置鉴定制度的内部机制，使司法鉴定程序与其他诉讼程序有机结合，更好地体现刑事诉讼的实体公正和程序正义，进而维护当事人的诉讼权利，是值得深思和研究的问题。目前，由于鉴定机构设置混乱，尤其是侦查部门内设鉴定机构设置、管理无序，再加上缺乏统一的鉴定技术标准，导致多头鉴定、重复鉴定、鉴定分歧等现象屡见不鲜，这不仅使个案得不到及时、公正的审判，，引发社会群体性事件，更会影响整个司法体系的权威性。通过对当前司法鉴定制度相关法律法规的整理、分析，发现我国刑事司法鉴定制度在鉴定机构、鉴定人、启动程序、质证、认证等多方面均存在问题。基于鉴定制度的立法漏洞与实践困难，本文从司法鉴定制度的组织性、操作性、证据性角度出发，提出一系列刑事司法鉴定制度的完善措施，重点论述了鉴定机构的设置模式、鉴定人的资质要求、鉴定人出庭作证的具体情形和保障以及鉴定意见的采信规则。
[Abstract]:The judicial expertise system is an important part of the judicial system and the guarantee system of other judicial activities. It is of practical significance to reduce the occurrence of unjust and false cases and deepen the concept of human rights. It is also an important manifestation of complying with the spirit of the rule of law. Therefore, how to perfect the criminal judicial appraisal system in our country, set up the internal mechanism of the appraisal system reasonably, combine the judicial appraisal procedure with other proceedings organically, better embody the substantive justice and procedural justice of the criminal procedure, and then safeguard the litigant's litigation right, is worth pondering and studying deeply. At present, due to the confusion of the establishment of appraisal institutions, especially the establishment of appraisal institutions in the investigation department, the disorder of management, and the lack of unified identification technical standards, it is not uncommon for the phenomenon of long identification, repeated identification, identification differences and so on, which not only makes the case not get a timely and fair trial, leads to social mass events, but also affects the authority of the whole judicial system. Through the collation and analysis of the relevant laws and regulations of the current judicial identification system, it is found that there are many problems in the criminal judicial identification system of our country in many aspects, such as identification institutions, experts, initiation procedures, cross-examination, certification and so on. Based on the legislative loopholes and practical difficulties of the appraisal system, this paper puts forward a series of measures to perfect the criminal judicial appraisal system from the point of view of the organization, operation and evidence of the judicial identification system, focusing on the setting mode of the appraisal institution, the qualification requirements of the expert, the concrete situation and guarantee of the expert testifying in court, and the acceptance rules of the appraisal opinion.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D918.9

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