国大党的衰落及其对印度政治发展的影响

发布时间：2018-03-20 21:15

本文选题：印度国大党　切入点：一党独大制　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：印度独立后,确立了议会民主政体下的多党制。但是由于历史形成的原因,在相当长的时期内国大党独掌政权,形成了资本主义议会民主制下的一党独大制。1970年以来,印度社会、经济、政治等方面发生深刻变革,国大党的一党独大地位受到了严重的挑战,最终在1989年的第9届人民院大选中遭遇失败,丧失了在印度政坛一党独大的地位。同时,印度人民党发展迅速,地方性政党开始在人民院中发挥越来越重要的作用。从此,印度政党体制开始转型,逐渐过渡到以国大党与印度人民党为主的两大党制下的多党竞争格局。在印度政党政治发展的过程中,国大党起到了重要作用,在一定程度上推动了印度政治的发展。国大党在印度独立后执掌印度政权长达四十多年,形成了独特的一党独大体制,这与国大党在建立之初拥有广泛的群众基础和实施的一些政策不无关系,这一时期印度的政党体制表现了鲜明的特点并对以后的政治发展产生了一定的影响。然而,国大党在长期的执政过程中,由于未能处理好国内教派之间的冲突、党内腐败问题日益严重、经济政策出现连续失误等原因,逐渐丧失民心,走向衰落。政党的发展与一个国家的政治发展是息息相关的。印度从一党独大走向多党联合无疑对民主政治的发展有一定的促进作用,同时也有利于各党派之间相互监督,一定程度上避免腐败的发生。此外,多党联合执政也意味着各党派之间以获得权力为主要目标,引发政局的动荡。
[Abstract]:After independence, India established a multi-party system under a parliamentary democracy. But for historical reasons, the Congress Party took power alone for quite a long time, forming a one-party and one-party system under the capitalist parliamentary democracy. Since 1970, Profound social, economic and political changes have taken place in India, and the dominant position of the National Congress Party has been seriously challenged and eventually defeated in the 9th General Election of the people's Assembly in 1989. The Bharatiya Janata Party has developed rapidly and local political parties have begun to play an increasingly important role in the Bharatiya Jirga. Since then, the Indian political party system has begun to transform. Gradually transitioning to a multi-party competition pattern under the two-party system dominated by the Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party. In the process of political development of the Indian party, the Congress Party played an important role. To some extent, it has promoted the development of Indian politics. After India became independent, the Congress Party took power in India for more than 40 years, forming a unique one-party and one-party system. This has something to do with the broad mass base and some policies implemented by the Congress Party at the beginning of its establishment. During this period, the political party system in India displayed distinct characteristics and had a certain impact on the political development in the future. In the long running process of the Congress Party, due to its failure to properly handle the conflicts between sects in the country, the increasingly serious problem of corruption within the party, and the continuous mistakes in economic policies, the Party gradually lost popular support. The development of political parties is closely related to the political development of a country. There is no doubt that India's transition from a single party to a multi-party coalition has a certain role in promoting the development of democratic politics, and is also conducive to mutual supervision among various parties. To a certain extent, corruption is avoided. In addition, multi-party coalition also means that the main objective of the parties is to gain power, triggering political instability.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D735.1

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