明治维新以来日本思想道德教育右倾化路径分析

发布时间：2017-12-30 23:17

本文关键词：明治维新以来日本思想道德教育右倾化路径分析　出处：《武汉理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明治维新后，日本开启了现代化之门，为了实现富国强兵的目标，政府深感：首先必须在人才的培养和学校教育上进行改革。在当时政府要人伊藤博文的主张下，儒学在思想道德教育上的指导地位开始逐渐被德国的国家主义取代。而这种国家主义教育政策被认为是日本天皇制现代教育制度的定性。不久，思想道德教育便沦为宣扬传统民族主义的工具，并被纳入为其增强国力和侵略战争服务的轨道。到了大正时期，军国主义教育体制正式确立了，它不仅给亚洲各国带来了严重的伤害，也使日本的思想道德教育在二战后彻底崩溃。第二次世界大战后，在占领军的主持下，日本进行了民主化教育体制改革，民主化教育体制改革客观上存在不少问题，总体上建立起了比较完善的教育法制体系，对日本思想道德教育的发展起到了推动作用。教育制度上官方的民主主义改革与法律方面的民主主义化虽然能够开展得比较迅速，但最本质的日本国民的民主主义意识却未能前进壮大，特别是1947年后，美国明确地提出了以遏制共产主义为目标的杜鲁门主义，苏美关系紧张，中国作为大国也是共产主义，故美国想通过日本遏制中国。这对清算日本战争责任显然产生了非常消极的影响，以至于后来极端民族主义死灰复燃，日本思想道德教育也就没能成功地走出民族主义的阴影。进入经济高速发展期的日本，及时调整了思想道德教育方向，，将重心放在道德素养、能力与综合素质方面，目的是造就能够活跃在国际舞台上的日本人，为新世纪培养合格人才。但90年代后的泡沫经济使日本陷入战后最长的经济萧条中。由于长期持续的经济低增长，人们对经济前景的忧虑不断，社会问题越来越多，政府则不惜混淆视听，为凝聚民族的向心力和转移人民的注意力，提出了一系列貌似煽动人心实则危害亚太地区和平的错误主张。偏颇的思想道德教育导致日本一部分国民不了解日本侵略史，也没能清楚地意识到自己受到的是统治阶级的思想蒙蔽，无法对近年来愈演愈烈的右倾化做出客观判断，甚至盲目支持。在这种背景下，新民族主义趁机拉拢人心，利用当代日本国民的迷惑，想要大和民族的利益在全球化的进程中最大化，然而实际上却使日本陷入更深的困局，在现代化的路途上渐渐迷失。
[Abstract]:After the Meiji Restoration, Japan opened the door of modernization, in order to achieve fuguoqiangbing target, the government must first deeply: the reform in personnel training and school education. At that time the government should advocate Itou Hirofumi, Confucianism in the guidance of Ideological and moral education of the German nationalism gradually began to be replaced. "This is considered to be the national education policy system of modern education qualitative Mikado of Japan. Soon, the ideological and moral education will be promoting the traditional nationalism tool, and is included in its national strength and aggression service track. To Taisho, militaristic education system was formally established, it not only to other Asian countries brought serious damage, also make the ideological and moral education of Japan's collapse after World War II.
After the Second World War, the Japanese occupation forces under the auspices of the reform of system of democratic education, democratic education reform has many problems objectively, generally established a relatively perfect legal system of education, the development of Ideological and moral education in Japan has played a role in promoting education reform and democratic system. The official Democratic law although can develop very rapidly, but the nature of the Japanese national democratic consciousness has failed to advance growth, especially after 1947, the United States explicitly proposed to contain communism as the goal of the Truman doctrine, the tension of us Soviet relations, Chinese as country and communism, so the United States to contain China by Japan. The liquidation of Japan's war responsibility obviously have had a very negative impact, so that extreme nationalism in Japan, a stirring among the dry bones. Moral education can not succeed in getting out of the shadow of nationalism.
Enter a period of rapid economic growth in Japan, timely adjustment of the direction of Ideological and moral education, focusing on moral quality, ability and comprehensive quality. The purpose is to make active in the international arena Japanese, cultivating qualified talents for the new century. But in 90s after the bubble economy make Japan into the longest post-war recession due to the long-term sustained low economic growth, concerns about economic prospects, more and more social problems, the government is willing to confuse the public, national cohesion and centripetal force of the transfer of people's attention, put forward a series of wrong idea seems sensational actually harm the peace in the Asia Pacific region. The ideological and moral education in Japan as part of a biased people do not understand the history of Japanese aggression, are not clearly aware of their subject is the ideology of the ruling class have intensified in recent years to the right In turn to make objective judgment, even blindly support. In this context, the new nationalism took the opportunity to draw the hearts of the people, by contemporary Japanese citizens want to confuse, Yamato the interests in the process of globalization, but actually make Japan into a deeper predicament in the modern way gradually lost.

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D731.3

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