美国的贸易政治对贸易政策决策的影响——基于TPP谈判的视角

发布时间：2018-01-14 19:10

本文关键词：美国的贸易政治对贸易政策决策的影响——基于TPP谈判的视角　出处：《世界经济研究》2015年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：文章认为,奥巴马总统推动的TPP谈判之所以引发国会与政府之间的政治博弈,主要是因为民主党与共和党在经济全球化和自由贸易这一问题上产生了分歧;在这场博弈的背后,是美国贸易政策决策的整个政治过程即贸易政治;在有关TPP的谈判内容和谈判条款的设定上,各利益集团都试图通过对国会议员的游说来抵制由自由贸易协定带来的冲击;在国会两党竞争的政治格局中,相关利益集团的利益是通过两党的不同政治主张而集中显示,并最终体现在由政府制定的贸易政策上;而政府在制定有关TPP谈判的政策时,首先考虑的是国家的整体利益,这是由美国贸易政策的特殊性,即它是国家整体外交政策的有机组成部分这一点所决定的。中国在与美国的双边贸易往来中,为规避其贸易政治的影响,应通过继续对其"院外援华集团"实施"利益均衡"的策略,培育其与中国之间的"相容利益";同时加强与那些保护性利益集团之间的沟通和磋商;并借助"中美战略与经济对话"这一机制和平台,加强与美国行政部门的沟通、磋商及协调。
[Abstract]:The article holds that the TPP negotiations promoted by President Obama triggered the political game between Congress and the government mainly because of the differences between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party on the issues of economic globalization and free trade. Behind this game is the whole political process of American trade policy decision, that is, trade politics. In terms of the content of the TPP negotiations and the terms of the negotiations, various interest groups try to resist the impact of the free trade agreement by lobbying members of Congress; In the political structure of the competition between the two parties in Congress, the interests of the relevant interest groups are shown through the different political views of the two parties, and finally reflected in the trade policy formulated by the government; When the government formulates the policy about the TPP negotiation, the first consideration is the national overall interest, which is the particularity of the American trade policy. That is, it is an integral part of the country's overall foreign policy. In bilateral trade with the United States, China is trying to avoid the influence of its trade politics. We should cultivate the "compatible interests" between China and China by continuing to implement the strategy of "balance of interests" to its "China Group of Foreign Aid". At the same time, strengthen communication and consultation with those protective interest groups; With the help of the "Strategic and Economic Dialogue between China and the United States", we can strengthen communication, consultation and coordination with the U.S. administration.
【作者单位】：吉林大学美国研究所;吉林大学经济学院;
【基金】：教育部规划基金项目“中美经济相互依赖及其非对称性特征:基于世界经济格局视角的研究”(项目编号“13YJA790126)的阶段性成果吉林大学哲学社会科学创新团队建设项目“国际金融理论创新与国际货币体系改革研究”(项目编号:2012FRTD02)的资助
【分类号】：F757.12;D771.2
【正文快照】： 一、问题的提出“跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协议”(Transpacific Partnership Agreement,TPP)谈判作为美国“亚太再平衡”战略(Rebalance toward Asia-Pacific region)的经济组成部分(Ferguson和Mc Minimy,2015),目前已于10月5日结束。完成这一谈判是奥巴马决心在其总统任期届

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