论苏丹努巴地方民族主义产生的原因

发布时间：2018-01-20 02:03

本文关键词： 努巴人地方民族主义苏丹民族国家构建　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在长期的历史发展过程中,原先居住在苏丹努巴山区的各土著部落人群产生了自己属于一个"努巴"族群的意识,他们中的一部分人为了维护和促进本族群的政治、经济、文化等利益,通过族群情感动用本族群的成员参与示威、选举、武装叛乱等群体性政治活动,以实现对国家政治更大的参与权。本文试图揭示努巴地方民族主义产生的原因及苏丹民族国家构建失败的根源。研究努巴地方民族主义有助于我们更好地理解苏丹民族国家构建遇挫的原因。同时,作为一个个案,这一研究能帮助我们更好地理解非洲国家的民族国家构建和地方民族主义问题,也能为研究其它非洲国家的地方民族主义问题提供一个参照。论文正文共分五章。第一章:苏丹努巴山区概况,简要介绍苏丹及努巴山区的地理、人口和族群构成状况。第二章:外来者的掠夺与殖民统治,梳理了从伊斯兰化时期到苏丹独立期间努巴山区的历史,重点论述了努巴人与统治苏丹的历代本土政权和殖民政权之间的关系。第三章:土地之争和经济剥削,论述了努巴人在经济上受到剥削是努巴地方民族主义产生的根本原因,特别是在机械化农业的扩张过程中,许多努巴人的土地被北方官僚和资本家所占据,这严重加剧了努巴人与北方精英之间的对立。第四章:文化歧视和政治边缘化,论述了努巴人在文化上受到歧视和政治上被边缘化催生了努巴地方民族主义,努巴人在文化上受到的歧视激化了其族群意识,而政治上的边缘化使受过教育的努巴中产阶层对掌权的北方精英非常不满,他们通过组建政治组织、抗议示威等政治行动提高自己的政治地位。第五章:努巴地方民族主义的演变和走向,梳理了努巴地方民族主义形成后的演变历程,基于苏丹和努巴山区的现状预测努巴地方民族主义的未来走向。通过对努巴地方民族主义的研究,本文得出的主要结论是:苏丹的各种地方民族主义问题归根到底是国家权力和资源不平等的分配导致的,苏丹的各少数族群感到自己在国家的政治生活和经济发展中被边缘化,而苏丹统治精英强加给少数族群的阿拉伯伊斯兰化更加深了少数族群的愤懑,他们通过诉诸地方民族主义来争取自己的政治、经济和文化权力。要解决地方民族主义问题,苏丹政府就必须回应少数族群的合理诉求。只有实现各族群之间的和平相处及平等,苏丹的民族国家构建才有可能成功。
[Abstract]:Over the course of a long history, indigenous tribal groups formerly living in the Nuba Mountains in the Sudan have developed a sense of belonging to a "Nuba" community. In order to safeguard and promote the political, economic and cultural interests of their own ethnic groups, some of them use their members to participate in mass political activities, such as demonstrations, elections, armed insurrections and so on. In order to achieve greater participation in national politics, this paper attempts to reveal the causes of Nuba local nationalism and the root causes of the failure of the construction of the Sudanese national state. The study of Nuba local nationalism is helpful for us to better understand the Soviet Union. The reasons for the setback in the construction of Danan nation state. At the same time. As a case study, this study can help us better understand the nation-state construction and local nationalism in African countries. It can also provide a reference for the study of local nationalism in other African countries. The text of this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter: the overview of Sudan and Nuba Mountain area, a brief introduction to the geography of Sudan and Nuba Mountains. Population and ethnic composition. Chapter two: the exploitation and colonial rule of outsiders, combing the history of the Nuba Mountains from the period of Islamization to the independence of Sudan. The relationship between the Nuba people and the local and colonial regimes that ruled Sudan was discussed. Chapter three: land disputes and economic exploitation. It is discussed that the economic exploitation of the Nuba people is the root cause of the Nuba local nationalism, especially in the process of the expansion of mechanized agriculture, many of the land of the Nuba people are occupied by the northern bureaucrats and capitalists. This seriously intensifies the confrontation between the Nuba people and the northern elite. Chapter 4th: cultural discrimination and political marginalization, discusses the cultural discrimination and political marginalization of the Nuba people gave birth to Nuba local nationalism. Cultural discrimination against the Nuba has heightened their sense of ethnicity, while political marginalization has made the educated middle class of Nuba very dissatisfied with the elites in power in the north, by forming political organizations. Protest demonstrations and other political actions to improve their political status. Chapter 5th: the evolution and trend of Nuba local nationalism, combing the evolution of Nuba local nationalism after the formation of the process. Based on the current situation of Sudan and Nuba Mountains, the future trend of Nuba local nationalism is predicted. The main conclusion of this paper is that the problems of local nationalism in Sudan are caused by the unequal distribution of state power and resources in the final analysis. The various minorities in the Sudan felt marginalized in the political life and economic development of the country, and the Arab-Islamization imposed on them by the ruling elite had exacerbated their resentment. They fight for their political, economic and cultural rights by resorting to local nationalism. The Sudanese government must respond to the legitimate demands of ethnic minorities. Only by achieving peace and equality among all ethnic groups can the establishment of a nation-state in Sudan succeed.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D741.2

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