土耳其正义与发展党政府的库尔德政策探析

发布时间：2018-01-22 13:51

本文关键词： 正义与发展党土耳其库尔德问题库尔德工人党　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2002年起,正义与发展党(以下简称正发党)上台执政,在针对库尔德民族时采取了与往届政府不同的政策方针,一方面因为库尔德活动方式上出现变动,另一方面因为地区地缘政治态势也有所改变。叙利亚危机爆发后,库尔德独立运动再次兴起,成为搅动中东地缘政治博弈的重要变量。土耳其政府开始正视库尔德问题,转推改革,收拢民心。但随着选举策略的变化和对库尔德武装力量增强忌惮等原因,土耳其政府再次逐步调整政策,打压分离主义。土耳其正发党的库尔德政策有着明显的起伏,可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段是拉拢时期(2002年至2007年),此时正发党为了争取库尔德选民,主动承认存在库尔德问题,表现出解决库尔德问题的意愿,赢得了库尔德民众的欢迎。第二阶段是怀柔政策时期(2008年至2014年),土耳其在正发党和埃尔多安的领导下发展势头良好,为库尔德问题的整治和解决提供了优质内部和外部环境。与此同时,正发党提出库尔德倡议和和平进程,旨在提振经济和结束冲突。但由于国内阻力较大,地区形势不断恶化,加之2015年6月议会选举中库尔德政党首次进入议会,正发党开始调整库尔德政策,进入第三阶段。第三阶段是高压政策时期(2015年至今),怀柔政策的失败、国内安全形势的恶化和库尔德实力的增强,令正发党决心调整库尔德政策。土耳其政府对库尔德工人党再次展开严厉的暴力打压,双方冲突愈演愈烈,库尔德问题再度恶化。正发党的库尔德政策逐步调整,但仍没有取得应有的效果,反而迈向下坡路。从国内来看,正发党、反对派和军方对库尔德问题存在分歧,难以拟合。库尔德工人党等库尔德分离运动组织不断在国内制造暴恐事件,给和平解决库尔德问题制造障碍。从地区环境来看,伊拉克叙利亚库尔德人的自治之路给土耳其库尔德人带来示范效应。同时“伊斯兰国”的崛起使得美国不得不依赖库尔德武装打击恐怖主义,增大了正发党打击库尔德分离主义的难度。总体看,正发党执政时期的库尔德政策较历届政府取得新的民主化进展,但是库尔德问题并未解决,并且令其外交转型陷入困境,国内安全局势不断恶化。目前,土耳其库尔德问题仍未回归正常解决的轨道,正发党政府应该立足现实,以更加平等包容的姿态,在承认差别的前提下谋求共同协调发展。
[Abstract]:Since 2002 the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power and has adopted a different policy approach towards the Kurdish nation than previous governments. On the one hand because of changes in the way Kurdish activities, on the other hand because of the regional geopolitical situation also changed. After the outbreak of the Syrian crisis, the Kurdish independence movement rose again. The Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue, push for reform, and win the people's support. But with the change of election strategy and the increase of fear of Kurdish armed forces, the Turkish government has begun to face the Kurdish issue. The Turkish government has again gradually adjusted its policy to suppress separatism. The Kurdish policy of the AK has been marked by ups and downs. The first phase was the period of courtship (2002 to 2007) when AK took the initiative to acknowledge the existence of the Kurdish problem in order to win over Kurdish voters. The willingness to resolve the Kurdish problem was welcomed by the Kurdish population. The second phase was the period of the Huairou policy (2008 to 2014). Turkey, under the leadership of AKP and Erdogan, has developed well, providing a good internal and external environment for the resolution of the Kurdish issue. At the same time, AKP has launched the Kurdish initiative and the peace process. The aim is to boost the economy and end the conflict. However, the situation in the region is deteriorating due to strong domestic resistance, and the Kurdish political parties entered Parliament for the first time in the parliamentary elections on June 2015, and AKP has begun to adjust its Kurdish policy. The third stage is the period of high pressure (2015 to the present, the failure of Huairou policy, the deterioration of the domestic security situation and the enhancement of Kurdish power). AKP is determined to adjust its Kurdish policy. The Turkish government is again cracking down on the PKK and the conflict between the two sides has intensified. The Kurdish problem has worsened again. The Kurdish policy of the AKP has been gradually adjusted, but it has not yet achieved the desired results, but instead it is headed downhill. From the domestic point of view, the AKP. Opposition and military divisions over the Kurdish issue are difficult to match. Kurdish separatist groups such as the PKK continue to unleash violence in the country. To create obstacles to a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish problem. The path of Iraqi and Syrian Kurds to autonomy has had a model effect for Turkish Kurds, and the rise of the Islamic State has forced the United States to rely on Kurdish forces to fight terrorism. It has made it more difficult for AKP to fight Kurdish separatism. Generally speaking, the Kurdistan policy under AKP has made new progress in democratization compared with previous governments, but the Kurdish issue has not been resolved. At present, the Kurdish issue in Turkey is still not on the track of a normal solution, and the AKP government should base itself on reality and adopt a more equal and inclusive attitude. Seek common and harmonious development on the premise of recognizing differences.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D737.4

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