经济全球化进程中社会主义古巴的境遇与应对

发布时间：2018-02-05 17:07

本文关键词： 经济全球化古巴社会主义　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地理大发现使资本主义扩张并打破了世界各国相对封闭的状态,使人类社会走上了全球化之路。尽管两次世界大战和冷战阻碍和延续了全球化进程,但是“青山遮不住,毕竟东流去”,特别是进入21世纪以来,全球化以不可阻挡之势一浪高过一浪席卷着这个世界。众多国家也力求以更加开放的姿态参与到这一浪潮中。然而,与全球化中心大国——美国最邻近的古巴,却由于古美“历史友谊”的破裂,迟迟无法融入全球化进程而陷入艰难境遇。古巴革命胜利虽然使其摆脱了美国长期的殖民统治,但随后却进入被封锁阶段。美国对古巴的长期封锁成为古巴通向全球化的最大障碍,古巴无法融入全球化进程。而出于冷战的需要,苏联向古巴伸出了援手,苏联的介入加剧了古美关系恶化,也加剧了古巴全球化困境,在此困境下,古巴加入经互会,融入社会主义阵营的“半全球化”是古巴无奈而必然的选择。冷战时期,古巴处于全球化边缘,冷战结束后,越来越盛大的全球化宴席,不但没能给古巴一席之地,反而因此失去了苏联的支持,使其全球化处境雪上加霜。身处全球化宴席之外的古巴静观其变,对全球化进行冷静而深刻的思考和批判,形成了卡斯特罗关于全球化的理论。卡斯特罗认为全球化是生产力发展的客观历史进程,但现实的全球化是由资本主义主导的,在利益的驱使下引发了经济、政治、社会、能源、生态等一系列全球性问题。但这并不是全球化自身问题,而是全球化主导者的问题,反全球化也并不是反全球化本身,而是反对操纵全球化的规则,并主张全球化出路只能是社会主义代替资本主义。古巴不仅在理论上透视着当今全球化的本质、揭示着全球化的弊端,更为重要的是实践中古巴不断调整和改变全球化应对策略并采取了一系列相应举措加以抗争,从起初迫于无奈的“依苏抗美”、到大规模“输出革命”失败后的反思与调整,其间虽强烈反击美国制裁却也从未放弃寻求与美国的外交对话机会。而冷战后古巴进入生存最艰难时期,为能够继续以独立自主的国家形象存在于国际视野,古巴开始施行全方位务实外交,努力争取昔日盟友支持。与此同时,为顺应国际形势,古巴将“改革开放”定为重大国策,新形势下希望通过加快国内整改以大力吸引外资、争取国际社会支持,以稳步渐进的方式为自己开拓出一条全球化之路。奥巴马执政后期,双方出于国家利益考量以及领导人个人因素影响,美古实现历史性破冰,古巴破除融入全球化最大障碍,迎来全球化新境遇,注入改革发展新活力。然而奥巴马这一政治遗产似乎未被其继任川普所继承,当下川普的一系列对外政策调整中似乎出现了“逆全球化”迹象,而这势必会影响到刚解冻的古美关系,给刚刚看到一丝曙光的古巴全球化境遇又蒙上了一层不确定阴影,古巴全球化之路依然充满艰辛,充满各种新挑战。
[Abstract]:Geographical discovery that the expansion of capitalism and broke the world relatively closed state, the human society embarked on the road of globalization. Although the two World War and the cold war hinder and continuation of the process of globalization, but the castle not cover after all to the East, especially to enter since twenty-first Century, with the irresistible globalization the potential of a wave swept across the world. Many countries also sought a more open attitude to participate in the wave of globalization. However, with the central powers, the nearest Cuban American, but due to the rupture of the ancient beauty of "history of friendship", the delay can not be integrated into the process of globalization into a difficult situation. Although the victory of the Cuban revolution to get rid of the American colonial rule, but then he entered the blocked stage. The long-term blockade of Cuba become the biggest obstacle to Cuba to globalization, Cuba cannot Into the process of globalization. And for the needs of the cold war, the Soviet Union to Cuba helped Soviet intervention exacerbated the deterioration of relations with the U.S., Cuba has also exacerbated the globalization dilemma, in this dilemma, Cuba joined Comecon, into the socialist camp "globalization" is the helpless and inevitable choice. During the cold war, Cuba at the edge of the end of the cold war, globalization, globalization is more and more big feast, not only did not give a space for one person lost but Cuba, the Soviet Union's support, the situation of globalization. In the global banquet outside one disaster after another Cuba wait, thinking and criticism of calm and profound of globalization, Castro formed a theory of globalization Castro believes that globalization is an objective historical process of the development of productive forces, but the reality of globalization is dominated by capitalism, driven by the interests of Under the result of the economic, political, social, energy, a series of global ecological problems. But this is not globalization itself, but globalization is dominated by the issue of anti globalization is not anti globalization itself, but against manipulation of the rules of globalization, and that globalization is the only way for socialism to replace capitalism not only in Cuba. The theory on the perspective of nature of today's globalization, reveals the abuse of globalization, more important is the practice in Cuba continue to adjust and change the globalization strategy and take a series of measures to fight from the beginning of forced "according to the Soviet Union against the" reflection and adjustment of the large-scale "output revolution" after the failure of the meanwhile, although a strong counter attack U.S. sanctions but never give up seeking with the United States diplomatic dialogue opportunity. After the cold war, Cuba entered the most difficult period for survival, to continue to Independent national image in international perspective, Cuba began to implement a full range of pragmatic diplomacy, strive for the support of former allies. At the same time, in order to comply with the international situation, the "reform and opening" as a major national policy under the new situation, hopes to accelerate domestic reform to attract foreign investment, for the international community to support and develop a global the road to the steady and gradual manner for themselves. The post Obama era, both for national interest and the influence of leaders' personal factors, beauty of ancient historical ice breaking into the global biggest obstacle to Cuba, ushered in the new situation of globalization, to inject new vitality into the reform and development. However, the legacy of Obama does not seem to have taken his successor Trump institute the current inheritance, a series of foreign policy adjustment in Trump appears to be "anti globalization" signs, and this is bound to affect just thaw The relationship between Cuba and the United States has brought an uncertain shadow to the situation of Cuba's globalization which has just seen a glimmer of dawn. The path of Cuba's globalization is still full of hardships and full of new challenges.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D775.1

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