美国非常规就业研究——兼论社会福利改革的影响

发布时间：2018-02-05 20:00

本文关键词： 美国经济社会保障福利非常规就业　出处：《美国研究》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在过去几十年里,美国的非常规就业与全球非常规就业同步增长。逐本溯源,导致非常规就业增长的最根本原因是科技进步和经济全球化带来的就业方式的变化。与此同时,制度改革也发挥了重要影响。在美国的社会保障体系和社会福利制度改革过程中,整体的社会福利改革更加侧重于"削减"而不是"调整",改革没有使社会保障体系更加适应新的就业方式,进而更好地为劳动者提供保障以应对新的生产方式下的社会风险。因此,这些改革措施不仅使一些目标人群(如低收入的单身母亲)加入了非常规就业行列,而且人数不断增加的非常规就业的劳动者更多地暴露在市场风险之中,他们的社会权益缺乏保护、生活状况恶化的趋势也逐步呈现。未来,如何能够在加强劳动力市场的灵活性、刺激就业的同时为非常规就业者提供更好的社会保障以抵御市场风险,将是美国社会政策改革面临的重要挑战。
[Abstract]:In the past few decades, the unconventional employment in the United States has increased simultaneously with the global unconventional employment. The most fundamental cause of unconventional employment growth is the changes in employment patterns brought about by scientific and technological progress and economic globalization. In the process of the reform of the social security system and social welfare system in the United States, the overall social welfare reform focuses more on "reduction" than "adjustment". The reform has not made the social security system more suitable for the new way of employment, thus providing better protection for workers to cope with the social risks under the new mode of production. These reforms have not only added some target groups, such as low-income single mothers, to unconventional employment, but have also increased the exposure of the growing number of unconventional workers to market risks. Their social rights and interests are not protected and their living conditions are deteriorating gradually. In the future, how can the flexibility of the labour market be enhanced? Stimulating employment while providing better social protection against market risks for unconventional workers will be an important challenge for social policy reform in the United States.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院欧洲研究所;
【分类号】：D771.2

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