国际移民的冲击及其问题的解决——殖民地时期的宾夕法尼亚“德裔人问题”

发布时间：2018-02-13 20:49

本文关键词： “德裔人问题” 宾夕法尼亚国际移民冲击归化　出处：《世界民族》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文是一个有关大批国际移民到达一个新社会后,对当地造成各种冲击并在最后问题得以解决的历史案例研究。所谓"德裔人问题",指的是18世纪40、50年代,大批德意志移民短时间内涌入宾夕法尼亚后,对殖民地社会造成的各种冲击与问题,主要有:导致族群人口比例失调,对当地议会掌控权构成潜在挑战;造成当地政治势力和内部政局严重失衡,引起原先定居于此的英裔人恐慌;以及语言、文化、生活习惯冲突;等等。对此,殖民地社会采取了人口上限制分流、政治上分化,同时大力推进文化适应与政治归化等措施,进行了积极的回应。这些措施,尤其是有利于解决移民生存、生活之本的土地政策,以及简易的归化程序,对所谓"德裔人问题"的解决确实起到了较大的作用,但究其根本,这一问题的最终解决,则主要应归功于德裔移民在当地政治、经济、社会等多方面的积极参与。
[Abstract]:This paper is a historical case study on the impact of a large number of international migrants upon arrival in a new society, causing various local shocks and solving the final problems. The so-called "German problem" refers to the 1940s and 1950s. After a large number of German immigrants poured into Pennsylvania in a short period of time, it caused a variety of impacts and problems to the colonial society, which mainly resulted in the imbalance of the ethnic population ratio, which posed a potential challenge to the control of the local parliament; Causing serious imbalance between local political forces and internal political situation, causing panic among the originally settled British people; and conflicts of language, culture, habits of life, etc. In response to this, the colonial society adopted demographic restrictions on diversion and political division. At the same time, they vigorously promoted the measures of cultural adaptation and political naturalization, and made positive responses. These measures, in particular, are conducive to the settlement of the land policy for the survival and livelihood of immigrants, as well as the simple naturalization process. It does play a great role in solving the so-called "German issue", but the ultimate solution of this problem is mainly due to the active participation of Yu De immigrants in local politics, economy, society and so on.
【作者单位】：中国海洋大学外国语学院德语系;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“美利坚民族——国家建构的过程、理论与经验研究”(项目号:15CMZ036) 2014年度教育部人文社科青年基金项目(项目号:14YJC752008)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D523.8

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