马来西亚民主化的特点及其成因

发布时间：2018-02-24 17:14

本文关键词： 民主民主化威权主义政党轮替政治制度　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马来西亚二战后的政治发展历程与东亚政治发展的大趋势大致是相符的,也可以划分为三大阶段:民主——威权——民主。但是,通过将马来西亚分别与已经发生民主转型的东亚国家和没有发生民主转型的东亚国家进行比较,我们可以发现马来西亚的民主化具有几个鲜明的特点。相较于其他已经发生民主转型的东亚国家,马来西亚的执政党在国内的力量更强,民主化进程更加渐进,以至于到现在都没有发生政党轮替,但是社会也更加稳定。而相较于没有发生民主转型的东亚国家,马来西亚的民主水平更高,甚至已经被一些西方权威的民主测量系统认可为民主政体。总而言之,马来西亚在一党为主长期执政的威权主义体制内将民主发展到了比较高的水平。导致马来西亚民主化出现这种特点的原因是多方面的。马来西亚民主化的基本原因是经过数十年高速的经济发展,马来西亚的中产阶级日益壮大,市民社会逐渐发展成熟,而且反对党也逐渐组成跨种族联盟,这一切使得执政党的合法性逐渐动摇,而反对党的力量越来越大。但是到目前为止,以巫统为主导的国民阵线仍然掌握着中央政府的执政权。在很大程度上,马来西亚一党为主长期执政的原因与马来西亚的政治制度本身相关。马来西亚的政治制度具有现代性、复杂性、竞争性和包容性等特点。与其他已经发生政治体制转型的东亚国家相比较,马来西亚政治制度的制度化水平更高,在体制内将民主发展到了比较高的水平,因此能够适应巨大的经济社会的变迁,而不至于发生政治体制转型和政党轮替。
[Abstract]:The course of political development in Malaysia after World War II is roughly consistent with the general trend of political development in East Asia, and can also be divided into three stages: democracy, authoritarianism and democracy. By comparing Malaysia with East Asian countries that have undergone democratic transition and those with no democratic transition, We can find that Malaysia's democratization has several distinct characteristics. Compared with other East Asian countries that have undergone democratic transition, Malaysia's ruling party is more powerful at home and the democratization process is more gradual. So far, there has been no change of political parties, but the society is also more stable. And Malaysia has a higher level of democracy than the East Asian countries that have not undergone democratic transition. It has even been recognized as a democracy by some of the Western authoritative democratic measurement systems. Malaysia has developed democracy to a relatively high level in an authoritarian system dominated by one party for a long time. There are many reasons leading to this characteristic of democratization in Malaysia. Because after decades of rapid economic development, Malaysia's growing middle class, a maturing civil society and a growing cross-racial coalition of opposition parties have shaken the legitimacy of the ruling party. And the opposition is getting stronger. But so far, the UMNO-dominated National Front still holds the power of the central government. To a large extent, The reasons for Malaysia's one-party rule for a long time have something to do with the Malaysian political system itself. Malaysia's political system is modern and complex. Compared with other East Asian countries that have already undergone political restructuring, Malaysia's political system has a higher level of institutionalization and has developed democracy to a relatively high level within the system. Therefore, can adapt to the huge economic and social changes, without the political system transformation and party turnover.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D733.8

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